Dr. Arun Mitra
The National Health Policy 2017 document commits itself to culturally appropriate community centered solutions to meet the health needs of the ageing community in addition to compliance with constitutional obligations as per the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007. This policy recognizes the growing need for palliative and rehabilitative care for all geriatric illnesses and advocates the continuity of care across all levels. The question, however, is how all this is going to be met with.
Social security schemes for senior citizens in our country are very meager. The Government has introduced few health insurance schemes to give benefit to the poor.
The Ministry of Labour and Employment has launched the Rashtriya Swasthiya Bima Yojna (RSBY) to provide health insurance coverage for Below Poverty Line (BPL) families. Beneficiaries under RSBY are entitled to hospitalization coverage up to Rs. 30,000.
Employees’ State Insurance Scheme (ESIS) of India is a multidimensional social security system tailored to provide socio-economic protection to worker population and their dependants covered under the scheme.
The Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS) provides comprehensive health care facilities for the Central Government employees and pensioners and their dependents residing in CGHS covered cities. Started in New Delhi in 1954, the Central Government Health Scheme is now in operation in 27 cities.
Aam Admi Bima Yojana, a social security scheme for rural landless household, was launched on 2nd October, 2007. The premium of Rs.200 per person per annum is shared equally by the Central Government and the State Government. The member to be covered should be aged between 18 and 59 years.
Janashree Bima Yojana (JBY) was launched in August 2000. It provides life insurance protection to people who are below poverty line or marginally above poverty line. Persons aged between 18 years and 59 years and who are members of the identified 45 occupational groups are eligible to be covered under the scheme. (Reference: www.licindia.in )
As regards the Universal Health Insurance Scheme (UHIS), the four public sector general insurance companies have been implementing the scheme for improving access to health care to poor families. The scheme provides for reimbursement of medical expenses up to Rs.30,000 towards hospitalisation floated amongst the entire family.
There are only 18 per cent of people in urban areas covered under any kind of health insurance scheme. Health Minister J P Nadda had said in a written reply in the Lok Sabha that “…percentage of persons having coverage under any health insurance scheme is 14.1 percent in rural areas and 18.1 per cent in urban areas.”
These schemes, barring the CGHS and ESIC, offer only premium-based limited coverage. With increasing cost of medical treatment, this coverage does not meet the requirements, particularly of the elderly. Moreover, these provide only hospitalization benefits. The OPD care is not covered. For day to day health care people have to visit doctors in OPD and spend on medicines and investigations.
Whereas a person is more likely to be taken ill in the elderly age, the insurance companies increase the premium exorbitantly with age of the insured. This increase has been marked this year. The increase in the service tax from 14 percent to 18 percennt GST on the basic premium has further escalated the cost of insurance.
For the senior citizens who have either no income of their own or have very meager income and are dependent on their children, it is impossible to pay insurance premium. With the regular lowering of interests on their savings their problems are getting compounded. Any serious illness they might land in will cost lakhs of rupees in any tertiary care hospital. Moreover, their day to day OPD care needs are not covered in these schemes. Therefore, only a comprehensive universal health care system can meet the needs of the senior citizens. The Government must open its advanced tertiary care centers where facilities for palliative and rehabilitative care are available. Insurance companies should be made to compulsorily cover OPD care cost as well for the senior citizens. Insurance premium for the senior citizens should be reduced substantially. The state-owned insurance companies should develop social welfare approach instead of a totally commercial one. Old age pension in Punjab to the amount of Rs. 750 per month is a harsh joke. (IPA)
(The writer is an ENT specialist based in Ludhiana)
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