LONDON: Scientists have shown that water-filled balloons behave very similarly to tiny water droplets, by bouncing them on a bed of nails.
The research by students at Roskilde University in Denmark was inspired by studies on water droplets bouncing on hydrophobic surfaces patterned with lattices of submillimetre-scale posts.
“We wanted to know if the so-called ‘pancake bounce’ effect – where the droplet lifts off the surface at its maximal extension – which was observed in the microscopic experiments could be replicated on a macroscopic scale,” said Tina Hecksher, from Roskilde University.
“Scaling up the experiment allowed us to measure the impact forces in the pancake bounce, which gave a deeper insight into its dynamics,” Hecksher said.
“It also provides a really useful teaching tool to demonstrate to students in a cost-effective, straightforward and eye-catching way how these forces work,” she said.
The study compared the impact of the balloons – taking the place of water droplets – landing on a flat surface and on a bed of nails – modelling the submillimetre posts.
Using large store-bought party balloons, a digital reflex camera running at 300 frames per second to record the impact in slow motion, and a piezoelectric sensor under the board to log the impact force, the team measured impacts at different velocities and the balloons’ resulting behaviour.
They found the courses of the two impacts were initially similar.
However, on the bed of nails, the balloon actually made a pancake bounce: it lifted off the bed of nails at its maximum deformation and began to retract in the air rather than on the surface.
This is because some of the material penetrates into the nail pattern, recoils and – if the impact velocity is high enough – lifts the balloon off the bed of nails before it has time to retract.
“The behaviour of the balloons is surprisingly similar to that of millimetric bouncing drops. In particular, the pancake bouncing effect was reproduced showing the same reduction in contact time as in the microscopic experiment, but with absolute timescales longer by a factor more than 10,” Hecksher said.
“The transition from normal bouncing to pancake bouncing happens at comparable impact parameters,” she said.
“In the future, it would be interesting to look at the similarity between water droplets and water filled balloons in more detail, by considering a greater range of balloon dimensions or higher Weber numbers, when drops break up upon bouncing but balloons cannot,” she added.
The study was published in the European Journal of Physics. (AGENCIES)
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