Job generation

K R Sudhaman
Silencing the critics of demonetisation and hasty rollout of game changing indirect tax reforms Goods and Services Tax,  the Narendra Modi Government came out with big ticket public investment this week particularly in roads, railways, housing to kick start the sagging economy, whose growth had dipped to 5.7 per cent of GDP in the first quarter of this financial year.
The big push to pump-prime the economy included a decision to spend a mega 6.9 lakh crore in developing roads in the length and breadth of the country.  Whenever the economic growth slows down, the best revival formula is to step up investment in the infrastructure sector. This massive dose of public expenditure will not only boost growth but also create jobs in all parts of the country. This in turn will create much needed demand. This will have multiplier effect in reviving private investment through the much needed consumption expenditure triggering private investment that has not been forthcoming in the recent quarters due to excess capacity and lack of demand.
Armed with strong economic fundamentals including low inflation, current account and fiscal deficits, the Government came out with unprecedented Rs 2.11 lakh crore recapitalisation package to the ailing public sector banks to boost private investment, that has been none too encouraging in recent quarters pulling down the economic growth.
Public sector banks have huge surplus liquidity, especially after demonetisation in November last year with practically entire Rs 17 lakh crore cash in circulation coming into the banking system. But the banks are not in a position to lend the money because of large bad debts. To put life into the ailing public sector banks, this capital infusion is required to enable them to start lending to revive investment particularly in the private sector, vital for stepping up job creation in the economy. Apart from this “bold and unprecedented” decision to strengthen public sector banks, as finance minister Arun Jaitley puts it, the Government announced measures to provide funding to medium, small and micro industries, which will be thrust area of bank lending.
MSMEs development is important for job creation as Rs one lakh investment in this sector creates one job as against Rs 6 lakh in capital intensive large industries. Also MSMEs accounted for 40 per cent of India’s exports and 45 per cent of India’s manufacturng. This sector had been badly hit after demonetisation due to cash crunch and stepping up lending to this sector will help to rejuvenate the sector, which, besides agriculture, formed the backbone of country’s employment and rural economy.
The Government will also launch recapitalisation bonds to the tune of Rs 1.35 lakh crore in addition to providing budgetary support of Rs 18,000 crore. This measure was used in the 1990s to help ailing banks, when Government embarked upon economic reforms. At that time as well the banks had huge non-performing assets, requiring large capital infusion to clean up the balance sheets. The remaining Rs 58,000 crore will be raised by banks through a fresh issue of shares while ensuring that government holding stays above 52 percent, so as to retain the public sector character of the banks
The fund infusion into various banks will be based on twin parameters of “performance and potential” where the size of the bank, its ethos and prudence in lending will be factored in. This meant capital infusion will be subject to comprehensive banking reforms so that indiscriminate lending is not repeated.
According to Mr Jaitley, Government-owned banks have been hit hard by non-performing assets in the corporate sector due to lending rush seen between 2008 and 2014. “A large part of the indiscriminate lending of the past has turned into NPAs… And, the stressed assets or NPAs were kept below the carpet,” the minister said, adding that a large part of the clean-up had been completed so that transparency returned to the banking operations.
The recapitalisation bond details would be worked out with either the Government or some designated agencies issuing it to raise funds, which will then be pumped as equity into public sector banks.
Direct borrowing by the Government may result in fiscal deficit targets being breached, which the Government wants to avoid so that fiscal consolidation plan remained on track as in previous couple of years. An alternative to this will be to get an agency such as Life Insurance Corporation to issue bonds. The government also has the option to borrow the funds directly and not treat it as a normal borrowing that is added to the fiscal deficit, which is the practice in some other countries.
The fact the Government is not announcing the details in haste indicated that this banking reform measure is done in a manner that it is not disruptive to the economic fundamentals, which at the moment are strong making the country a major destination for foreign direct investment. With the global economy picking up, these measures will help in stepping up Indian’s exports as well. An average 18-20 per cent exports growth will help in giving a push to private investment thereby pushing economic growth. With GST in place and exports picking up coupled with measures to boost infra development, the economy has potential push growth by at least 2-2.5 percentage points. Coupled with this, MSME sector getting back on rails, the economy in all likelihood, would get back to high growth path of 7-7.5 per cent, subject to early implementation of banking reforms including recapitalisation in the next few weeks. This is perhaps the first major decision after the new Prime Minister’s Economic Advisory Council was set up a few weeks back.
In sum, the big investment push in infrastructure and recapitalisation of banks decided by the union cabinet recently is providing much needed impetus to jump-start the economy, now in a take off stage after the recent cleaning up operations and transformational tax reforms.  (IPA)

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