EDITORIAL

Wipe out this evil

A report about the seizure of 1700 kilograms of spurious chilli and turmeric in Srinagar is certain to make many stomachs turn. After all, these are two basic ingredients of our diet. Our taste buds are tickled by them. That explains their extensive use. Their adulteration can only be damaging to our health. But it comes in handy for unscrupulous elements to make a fast buck. The quantity captured in this instance is enormous. This has to be seen in the correct perspective: the two spices constitute an almost indispensable but small component of every cooked vegetable. There are very few who have aversion to chillies --- red in this case but it can be green as well. But there is har......more

Change of heart?

It sounds too good to be true. The Maoists in Nepal are getting ready to shed their image as terrorists and join the administrative apparatus. They have signed a historic deal to this effect with the present government in their country. The two sides have decided to constitute a 330-member Interim Parliament, form an Interim Government inclusive of the Maoists and hold elections for a 425-member Constituent Assembly by June 2007 to draft a new constitution. The Interim Parliament will include 73 Maoists to be nominated by rebels. Under the agreed dispensation the Maoists have settled for renunciation of violence and confinement of weapons and cadres in designated cantonment under the United Nations supervision. They will give up abductions, tortures, extortions and display of arms in public places. Maoist chief Prachanda was quoted as having assured ruling leaders: "Once the peace accord is signed, we will honour every word of it." To many ears these utterances .........more

Power and power-game

By Arun Nehru

The power game in a democracy is dependant on electoral success and the recent court verdict on death by hanging for Saddam Hussain is timed to help President Bush and the Republican Party to retain their majority in both the Houses. Iraq has been a 'disaster' and public opinion nee..more

Reforming the UN

By Ujwala Sharma

The UN General Assembly is in session, and the member countries are more than eager to give the world body a new character and dynamism. The newly elected Secretary General Ban-Ki-Moon has set an agenda to reform the UN, and has urged its member states to consider more seriously than they have done so far the ways in which the aims and ideals enshrined in the UN Charter have been trampled and distorted by.......more

Spying : What makes it tick ?

By Joginder Singh

Delhi Police recently arrested two armymen, who were allegedly passing on sensitive information in the form of documents, pen drives and CDs about army establishments to their Pakistani handlers. In one instance, one of them had travelled to Kathmandu in the past and was now caught with sensitive information before he could proceed to Kathmandu to hand it over there to his contacts. They were all doing it for the sake of money.

Spying or espionage is not something new. Both involve obtaining the information by accessing the place where the......more

EDITORIAL

Wipe out this evil

A report about the seizure of 1700 kilograms of spurious chilli and turmeric in Srinagar is certain to make many stomachs turn. After all, these are two basic ingredients of our diet. Our taste buds are tickled by them. That explains their extensive use. Their adulteration can only be damaging to our health. But it comes in handy for unscrupulous elements to make a fast buck. The quantity captured in this instance is enormous. This has to be seen in the correct perspective: the two spices constitute an almost indispensable but small component of every cooked vegetable. There are very few who have aversion to chillies --- red in this case but it can be green as well. But there is hardly anybody who detests turmeric popularly known as haldi. In fact, it is highly regarded as a mother's recipe for sound physical condition when mixed with warm milk. Down the generations it has been accepted as a wonderful medicinal plant. Some of its properties have been proved scientifically: it is antiseptic, anti-inflammatory (a cure for arthritis), deterrent against ulcers and dysentery, protective for liver, lowers serum cholesterol and prevents the formation of internal blood clots thereby reducing risks of heart strokes. It is applied to heal wounds and for saline gargles as treatment for sore throats. Chillies including of the red variety are a rich source of Vitamin C. They are effective in checking cold along with onion and garlic. The most pungent of them causes secretion that can only be beneficial for our stomachs. Medical experts have referred to their anti-oxidant qualities that are helpful in preventing deadly diseases like cancer. The red pigment of chillies is a tonic. Ironically, this is precisely what is tampered with during grinding processes. Any thing in powder form can be coloured crimson and passed off as red chillies in markets. The same havoc can be done to turmeric which too has fine particles.

One can thus easily assess the harm the bogus stuff can do. Since there is no dearth of those who are out to make money at any cost they seek to flood the bazaars with fake products. That is why there are strong laws. Unfortunately, however, these are not enforced all the times. One has to blame corruption, administrative lethargy, huge population and virtually inaccessible areas for this sad state of affairs. From the records it appears that the European Union had also once acknowledged the relevant Indian legislations as models. In retrospect it may sound paradoxical. To say that the problem is Srinagar-specific will be factually wrong. It is to be noted that the entire supply --- 850 kilograms each of contaminated chillies and haldi --- has gone from Satwari in this city. It was packed in bags of 5 kilograms each. There was no mention of dates of manufacture and expiry on any of containers. Thus from the beginning itself the entire exercise was a fraud that had been carefully planned. The arrest of two persons in this connection has revealed that they had performed such illegal operation at least once earlier. An entire truckload then was said to have been sold in Sopore in the north of the Valley.

An obvious conclusion is that this city also may well be in the grip of the evil. There can be little doubt either about the vulnerability of remote hilly areas on this side of the Pir Panjal. This calls for strict action against all those involved in such heinous trade. It is a crime against humanity to say the least. Erring officials should also be brought to book for gross negligence of duty that can be deliberate. For their part the consumers should be extremely vigilant. In this regard they must be guided by the World Health Organisation's definition of health: "A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."

Change of heart?

It sounds too good to be true. The Maoists in Nepal are getting ready to shed their image as terrorists and join the administrative apparatus. They have signed a historic deal to this effect with the present government in their country. The two sides have decided to constitute a 330-member Interim Parliament, form an Interim Government inclusive of the Maoists and hold elections for a 425-member Constituent Assembly by June 2007 to draft a new constitution. The Interim Parliament will include 73 Maoists to be nominated by rebels. Under the agreed dispensation the Maoists have settled for renunciation of violence and confinement of weapons and cadres in designated cantonment under the United Nations supervision. They will give up abductions, tortures, extortions and display of arms in public places. Maoist chief Prachanda was quoted as having assured ruling leaders: "Once the peace accord is signed, we will honour every word of it." To many ears these utterances may sound as music. If one has a dispassionate look there can't be two opinions that the Maoists had held Nepal to ransom for rather too long. They had used guns extensively in order to press home a point. It will always be debatable whether they had forced the change in the Himalayan nation or whether the new monarchy's failures had brought about the transformation. What is to be welcomed, however, is that they have felt the need for mending their ways. Only the time will tell whether it is a genuine expression of sentiments or a tactical retreat with the idea of extending their constituency. It is quite possible that a battle of wits may ensue between the Maoists and their political opponents in the days to come notwithstanding their coming together on the same platform at this juncture. Two different corners of the world have witnessed identical developments. The emergence of the Maoists in power in Nepal and Hamas in the Middle-East shows the capacity of gun-wielding forces to dictate terms. At the same time it is clear that they are unable to keep the same violent face after taking over the responsibility of governance. How should one interpret this phenomenon?

Can those who have always believed in ruling by gun alter their stripes? This is the question that has relevance for this State as well as the country. Let us hope that the Maoists respect the virtues like individual liberty and respect for human life. It is never too late to make a new beginning. They can draw a lesson from the neighbouring China. The Dragon is slowly dropping its fabled iron curtain lest it met the fate of the Soviet Union.

Power and power-game

By Arun Nehru

The power game in a democracy is dependant on electoral success and the recent court verdict on death by hanging for Saddam Hussain is timed to help President Bush and the Republican Party to retain their majority in both the Houses. Iraq has been a 'disaster' and public opinion needs a 'scapegoat' and both President Bush and PM Tony Blair are under siege and face political defeat. The mid term election result will indicate if the opinion polls are correct and if the recent court verdict has helped in shifting the public mood in favor of President Bush. The decision on Saddam Hussain is subject to appeals and a long legal procedure and it would suit all concerned that no immediate action will be taken on the sentence. The armed struggle in Iraq is far from over and the casualties reflect the situation on the ground as over 3,000 US soldiers are killed and many thousands injured whilst over 50,000 Iraqi's have perished in the continuing violence after the war was officially over. National interests and global power balances will dictate political postures adopted by nations and sadly have little to do with the death and destruction of over a 100,000 innocent civilians in Iraq and mounting war casualties on both sides and our statements in India on Iraq are 'neutral'. The future is uncertain as few can predict the outcome of events in Iraq in the immediate future and the pattern of governance which will follow, elections in the USA and the UK can result in changes of leadership and new policy initiatives to end the war, withdraw the troops and let the people of Iraq determine their own future. Iraq had nothing to do with 9/11 or with terror tactics or weaponry [WMD'S did not exist] and sadly this war was waged on false pretences whilst Osama Bin Laden and the actual instruments of terror in Afghanistan continue to function and spread death and destruction on targets across the World. The initial results indicate that President Bush and the Republican Party are trailing in the elections and could lose control of both houses.

We often get emotional as we judge the present and the future with our responses in the past on 'foreign policy' and I think this is a wrong approach. Times have changed and as we undertake global challenges in the economic field [this is the only solution to tackle poverty levels] we need a 'acceptable' image on the political front backed by a reform agenda which takes into account global trade priorities for investment. The arguments and the language of the Cold War are no longer relevant and if we are to succeed as a global economic super power then we have to create a global attitude and develop our skills to compete with the best and as things stand our business leaders are doing just that and I think in the next decade we will acquire financial assets abroad in excess of what we receive as 'FDI'. We have spoken of the need of effective infrastructure assets and in addition to these we have to develop and improve upon our huge resources of human assets to meet global challenges and to do this we need to have 'reforms' in virtually every field of human activity. We are battling huge odds to achieve the impossible and it is time that our powers of governance come to the assistance of our business leaders who have literally performed miracles. Foreign policy initiatives must be closely linked with trade objectives at the highest level.

I had remarked earlier on election trends in Uttar Pradesh and over the past month there has been a change in assessment as field reports indicate that the SP are edging ahead of the BSP and making up lost ground. The electoral battle is close and difficult to indicate who is ahead at this stage but as things stand I see the SP/BSP winning 280 out of 400 seats with the BJP in third place [40-45 seats] and the Congress [25-30 seats] fourth.

Independents and smaller parties will get another 50 seats and clearly a 'political auction' is inevitable to get a working majority and here the SP may score over the BSP. Mulayam Singh/ Amar Singh have a secret weapon in the presence of Amitabh Bachchan and cutting across party lines the feed back I am getting is very positive. Amitabh Bachchan is no longer treated as a Bollywood super star but as a 'living legend' and his appearance even on a 'social platform' may well create the difference between victory and defeat in many seats. The fire power at the disposal of the SP is formidable and whilst the BSP Chief Mayawati is a mass leader with a great deal of charisma she lacks others leaders of stature in her party. The BJP star campaigner again will be Atal ji but his appearances will be limited and I hope Varun Gandhi displays his political skill and talent by a prolonged and sustained campaign in the interiors of the state. The BJP lack charismatic leaders as does the Congress and their two star campaigners [Sonia and Rahul] have 'security ' concerns and have yet to make a forward move.

Delhi is under 'siege' again and sadly the traders issue and the sealing order will generate wide spread resentment and hopefully the issue can be resolved without use of state force and loss of life.

The Congress party will be 'decimated' in any future elections and clearly the Central and the State government have abdicated their right to govern and enact suitable laws to take into account the growth pattern in the National Capital. I don't really know where the solution lies but clearly sealing and demolition is not the solution and public sympathy is generally with the traders. I have written earlier on the condition of MG Road where several structures were 'demolished' and I think it would be useful if judges of the High Court could visit the site and see the rubble and the garbage in the area and it is a very sad reflection on the state of affairs in the Capital.

Reforming the UN

By Ujwala Sharma

The UN General Assembly is in session, and the member countries are more than eager to give the world body a new character and dynamism. The newly elected Secretary General Ban-Ki-Moon has set an agenda to reform the UN, and has urged its member states to consider more seriously than they have done so far the ways in which the aims and ideals enshrined in the UN Charter have been trampled and distorted by, mostly, the major powers that jointly created the organisation. In addition to the trampling and the distorting of the UN by the major powers, the international situation has changed beyond recognition since the organisation was created more than 60- years ago.

At a meeting held in London in 1995 to commemorate the first session of the UN in 1945 Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali stated that lack of funds was being felt in all sectors of the UN and that "the organisation has no reserves and cannot borrow". The situation today is a great deal worse than it was then. The Secretary-General also commented bitterly on the dishonesty of those "who by denying funding make the UN ineffective and then say that they are withholding funds because the UN is ineffective".

It is possible that the comment was aimed primarily at the United States which is reported to owe the United Nations a sum of $ 1.4 billion. All told, it is estimated that around $3.3 billion are owing to the UN from its members. The UN itself is said to owe about one billion dollars to various countries for their contributions to peacekeeping etc. The US, it seems, will not make any move to pay the UN what it owes before Kofi Annan goes.

Kofi Annan has been openly critical about things such as the difference in the Euro-American attitudes to what is happening in Middle East and in African countries such as Somalia and Sudan and Myanmar in Asia. There may also be other matters such as Kofi Annan daring to suggest that a tax of 0.001 per cent be levied on foreign exchange transactions for funding the UN. The White House spokesman called the idea "abysmal".

Funding is not the only area in which the US and its allies have tended to depress the UN. There are other instances, such as the veritable dismissal of the UN from Iraq and Afghanistan. The Washington administration and its friends felt that the UN under Kofi Annan was not doing what they wanted done. They were after all the prime financiers of the UN, weren't they? The US's share of the burden is a quarter of the over-all UN budget. So what if it still has arrears of $1.4 billion to clear?

On the question of NATO interference in different theatres of conflict and the UN, there seems some relevance in Article 103 of the UN Charter, which says that "in the event of a conflict between the obligations of the members of the UN under the present charter and their obligations under any other international agreement, their obligations under the present Charter shall prevail". There is also Article 100(2) which calls upon UN members "to respect the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the staff and not to seek to influence them in the discharge of their responsibilities".

As mentioned above, the situation has today changed from that in 1945 beyond recognition.

There is a general trend towards socio-economic globalisation in almost every aspect of individual and collective life. This includes of course the culture-in-action and politicking that goes on in almost every region of the world. The trend is reinforced by an unprecedented technological leap which tends to deprive the individual of not only his privacy but to some extent of even his individuality.

In international affairs there is a perceptible tendency for countries in various regions and sub-regions to get together socio-economically, with eventual surrender of a part of their sovereignty. The tendency is reflected in the striving in various parts of every state for greater autonomy. This is further reflected in a palpable sense of dispersal that moves the individual almost everywhere: globalisation is mirrored in the individual's increasingly international affiliations and world perspectives. The earth has shrunk in every educated mind.

The situation begs urgently for appropriate changes in the UN. These changes have to come about in both the Security Council and the General Assembly. In the Security Council, for example, why should additions to permanent membership be considered? Why should not there be no permanent members, with the Council comprising a stipulated number of members elected for a specified period of time?

In the General Assembly, there is desperate need for another chamber, the Chamber of the United Peoples, to complement the Chamber of the United Nations: this is a democratic measure that will make the UN everybody's concern, and also to some extent counter the absurdity of every member state having one representative, whether the population be about five million as in Singapore or a thousand million as in China.

As for the question of funding, there is everything to say for some effective method thereby the UN is funded indirectly, so that among other things no particular state is identified as chief provider.

That should discourage those who want to hear their own particular tunes because they have paid the piper most. Perhaps these changes will come one day. Or is this a pipe-dream? INAV

Spying : What makes it tick ?

By Joginder Singh

Delhi Police recently arrested two armymen, who were allegedly passing on sensitive information in the form of documents, pen drives and CDs about army establishments to their Pakistani handlers. In one instance, one of them had travelled to Kathmandu in the past and was now caught with sensitive information before he could proceed to Kathmandu to hand it over there to his contacts. They were all doing it for the sake of money.

Spying or espionage is not something new. Both involve obtaining the information by accessing the place where the information is stored or developing contacts and cultivating people, who know or have the information and will divulge it for some kind of temptation or for some consideration. Black's Law Dictionary defines espionage as ‘‘..gathering, transmitting, or losing.. information related to the national defence.’’ A spy is a person employed to obtain such secrets.

Incidents of espionage are well known throughout history. The ancient writings of the Chinese military strategist Sun-Tzu and Chanakya mention about deception and subversion. About the king's duties Chanakya said that he keeps his eyes open through spies. All countries including the Egyptians, Hebrews, Japanese, English, Russians and Americans have used espionage. United States had in 1998 launched a new six-ton satellite to spy more effectively on India and Pakistan. ‘‘The satellite will be able to spy better than earlier satellites on India, Pakistan and other countries from the Middle East to China and North Korea,’’ according to Aviation and Space Technology magazine. Code-named ‘‘Orion’’, it is equipped with a 100 feet antenna which can eavesdrop on thousands of communication circuits and frequencies, providing insights into military, political, and economic policies of the targeted countries. ‘‘No radio transmission or telephone call will be secure from monitoring by the US’’, the magazine said.

The picked-up data will be interpreted by United States Intelligence services, it added. Once at least India had beaten USA, despite its vast resources and intelligence work, when it evaded its radar spy satellites overhead and concealed activities at the nuclear test site and exploded a nuclear bomb. This led to USA banking on a fleet of smaller spy satellites to cover what it considers world's ‘‘trouble spots’’.

Preservation of secrets is one of the objectives of security of information. However, some people believe that security technology can be more effective, if it is not kept secret.It is a case of security through obscurity.

An executive or a person breaking his/her own country's laws of secrecy can be imprisoned for espionage or even executed for treason. Spying is done through various means. The most common is the human Intelligence, which is gathered from the operatives working at ground level. ISI's operative in India generally function at this level, though Geospatial Intelligence gathered from satellite, aerial photography, mapping/terrain, as well as Imagery Intelligence, gathered from satellite and aerial photography cannot be ruled out.

In earlier cases of spying, four persons were arrested in September 1994 with two hand grenades and 44 photo copies of restricted material. Two Pakistanis were arrested in September 2000 with copies of notes on issues that may come up during Parliament's budget session.

In November 2001, two persons were arrested while handing over secret documents relating to Indian navy to Pakistani High Commission official, Gulam Shabbir Khan. In December 2001 Ajay Kumar was arrested from a restaurant in New Delhi where he had gone to get information on defence.

In April 2002, Corporal Tripati Kumar Mahapatra was arrested while passing on information to Ali Abbas, a Pakistani High Commission official and in June a DRDO official was arrested with confidential information on T-72 MI tanks.

There was an attempt to pass on naval data in December, 2005, in which Commanders Vijendra Rana, Vinod Kumar Jha and Captain Kashyap Kumar, who headed the Directorate of Naval Operations (DNO), have been accused by the navy of being behind the leak. According to a defence ministry note, ‘‘they (the three officers) have collectively, as well as individually, compromised the security of classified naval information and thereby jeopardised the interests of the State. The above acts of omission and commission can be summarised as copying/obtaining/retaining/disclosing classified information that is likely to adversely affect the interests of the State. They failed to take reasonable care of information, likely to affect the security of the State. They accepted gratification other than legitimate remuneration.’’ Despite all these accusations, the navy refused to court-martial the officers on the ground, that ‘‘since a trial by court martial could have led to considerable delays, the Central Government has decided to terminate their services forthwith.’’

The Central Bureau of Investigation, in July, 2006 arrested businessman Abhishek Verma in connection with the Navy War Room leak case for his alleged involvement in the leaking of classified military information. A total of seven people have been arrested in the Naval Room leakage case, including Verma.

Gohar Ayub Khan, son of late Field Marshal Ayub Khan, has made some sensational revelations relating to the 1965 Indo-Pak conflict. In his autobiography, he said, that an Indian mole of the rank of a brigadier allegedly handed over Indian war plans for the 1965 war for a monetary consideration. The mouse and cat game goes on all over the world in trying hard to cultivate moles in the most sensitive areas of their adversary's establishments. Pakistan's ISI is not immune to such practices. Most people all over the world are human and hence susceptible to inducements, irrespective of their ranks or position or station in life.

Pakistani moles in India have sneaked all over including the J&K in large numbers. Terrorists have almost been indulging in daily killings, grenade attacking and exploding RDX in car bombs right in the heart of the State Capital.

There is no doubt that Pakistan's ISI network is rather extensive and has a number of modules, to foment communal turmoil and terrorist attacks on religious and other places. Pranab Mukherjee, now Foreign Minister, and formerly Defence Minister had said that ISI has moles in different defence organisations. Some of them operate via Nepal and Bangladesh.

In the cat and mouse game, we have to be one up otherwise all our beans would be spilled. Access to the top secret and secret papers should be on need to know basis and should be restricted to only those who have a vital role to play in operations. We need to have a second look at our systems and keep out upgrading them, rather than saying that all is well. It needs to be kept in view that human ingenuity is unlimited and infinite. Greed and amassment of wealth, is main temptation for the moles, intelligence agents, double agents, spies and their like. Despite all precautions, termites do emerge and knock of the wood and weaken all structures.

Let us not be ignorant or contemptuous of our hostile neighbours, but take all possible steps to prevent our vital secrets which include both our strong and weak points from falling into their lap. Eternal vigilance, on the part of every citizen is the price of freedom and independence which India has won after thousands of years of slavery and thraldom of foreign rulers of different origin. Laisses faire attitude will not do. Small leaks, if not checked in time, turn into torrents. The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining. Time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining. Time to tackle spying and burying it, is in its infancy. Not only individual, but the Government more than anybody else, needs to tighten its systems and not allow them to be tainted for personal aggrandisement and wealth by few individuals as sting operations including Tehelka have shown. It is also time to remind what Edmund Burke said; ‘‘The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.

PTI Feature



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