EDITORIAL

Our Republic

One more Republic Day has come and gone. Looking back gives us enough cause for cheer. Prophets of doom have proved wrong. In their own cunning way, they had revelled in perverse thinking that the country might not hold together given its multi-ethnic, multi-linguistic and multi-religious character. In their wicked perception, they had been further emboldened by insurgency in certain parts of the country. The Naxal violence in the pockets of Madhya Pradesh, .....more

Not an ideal remedy

More often than not, ordinary citizens in rural and far-flung hilly areas in the State have a common grouse. They find that the government employees are missing as and when they need them. A doctor is absent from duty in case of a health problem. Teachers play truant as children sit in the open, unattended by anybody, during their school hours. It is a pathetic state of affairs. It is too well known that the employees invariably want to function at ....more

The great pio show

By Tushar Charan

Perhaps with an eye as much on their dollars as on the need to launch vigorous cultural diplomacy (not to mention drumming up patriotic sentiments), .......more

Land pollution

By M N Kak

Land pollution is surfacing up and is signalling the degradation of environment and the soil, a very important commodity as a sustaining and support material to growth of plants and .....more

The grand illusion of inter linking of rivers

By Satya Prakash

Never before has any proposal won the unstinted support of the apex court, the first citizen and the chief executive of the country all at the same time. With this unprecedented backing, the Government has pressed in all ....more

EDITORIAL

Our Republic

One more Republic Day has come and gone. Looking back gives us enough cause for cheer. Prophets of doom have proved wrong. In their own cunning way, they had revelled in perverse thinking that the country might not hold together given its multi-ethnic, multi-linguistic and multi-religious character. In their wicked perception, they had been further emboldened by insurgency in certain parts of the country. The Naxal violence in the pockets of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh had only added to their sadistic thinking. Little did they realise that the nation would build a mechanism to take care of all these evils. Over the years, it has been possible to establish a powerful state in this part of the globe. A state that has been created with the consensus of the people. It is not a mean achievement to stick to democracy and yet succeed as a developing economy. Undoubtedly, there is general frustration over the decline of the political class as a whole. What can’t be overlooked at the same time is that if a political organisation takes a wrong step, it is not averse to retracing it. If it is found that certain states are not happy with the manner of the conduct of the elections, corrective measures are taken by the one set of people in power if the others have been found wanting. In the first case, one can recall Indira Gandhi’s brief stint with Emergency. In the second, one can still feel in the air the sense of relief and joy over the holding of free and fair Assembly polls in Jammu and Kashmir in 2002.

Regardless of the party in power, the nation has maintained a substantial degree of continuity in its dealings with the secessionist elements. While their genuine grievances have been resolved, those bent on creating mischief have been firmly dealt with. It is an immaculate carrot-and-stick approach that has paid rich dividends with the passage of time. We don’t have to go far to see that this system has worked with the beneficial results for society as a whole. It may have taken more than a decade but the Hurriyat Conference — at least one of its factions — has seen the advantage in sitting across the table. The talks between the Moulvi Abbas Ansari faction and Deputy Prime Minister L.K. Advani have been widely hailed. They have opened new opportunities. Not only Mirwaiz Moulvi Umar Farooq, one of the key members of this Hurriyat group, but Moulvi Abbas himself has ended up showering praise on Mr Advani. Dropping his antagonistic posture, the Moulvi has remarked: ‘I used to think that Vajpayee on this side and Musharraf on the other side were the only moderates. I discovered that Advani is also a moderate and wants peace in Kashmir’. There is realism in both the Government and Abbas faction that, for them to be eventually successful, it is necessary to widen the scope of their dialogue by involving other concerned parties. This has been possible because the nation can adopt a flexible approach in such matters. On its part, the Hurriyat leadership has reasons to shun violence. There is hardly any of its members who has not paid a heavy price at the hands of those considered to be their friends. Who can forget Mirwaiz Moulvi Farooq and Abdul Ghani Lone, both of whom were gunned down on the same date (May 21) although in different years, for having championed the cause of peace in the region? It speaks of the courage and maturity of their talented sons that they have taken up the unfinished task of their charismatic fathers. It is evidence, on one hand, of the inherent resilience of the Kashmiri society. On the other hand, it simply confirms that, as an overall umbrella, the Indian ethos has the capacity to offer a respectable space for varied streams of thought; howsoever hostile they appear to be at one point of time. This wise approach has already brought the angry Bodos into the national mainstream in the North-East.

If one takes a wider view, one would agree that there is something infectious about honourable intentions. If one is sincere, the other also tends to reply in the same vein, sooner or later. On such a strong foundation, the edifice of the Indian Republic is gradually taking a glorious shape. Of course, what has helped in this process is the country’s economic progress, particularly the information technology revolution that has left the world in awe. This is not at all to suggest that everything is just fine and we can rest on our laurels. A lot has more to be done on the home turf. We must rid the land of the evils of poverty and corruption, There should be no let-up in the efforts to raise the level of those below the poverty line. Let’s keep working in that direction even as we rejoice over enjoying the benefit of living in a country that is truly by the people, of the people and for the people.

Not an ideal remedy

More often than not, ordinary citizens in rural and far-flung hilly areas in the State have a common grouse. They find that the government employees are missing as and when they need them. A doctor is absent from duty in case of a health problem. Teachers play truant as children sit in the open, unattended by anybody, during their school hours. It is a pathetic state of affairs. It is too well known that the employees invariably want to function at convenient places. As a result, the concerned political functionaries and senior officers have to contend with a lot of pressure in the matter of postings and transfers. While the government staff’s urge to work at comfortable locations, where they can have electricity and water as well access to their own close relatives, is understandable, in no way can it be defended. It is their prime responsibility to contribute to the welfare of the masses, particularly those living in inaccessible regions, which are many in the State. By the very nature of their job, they are honour bound to work for the betterment of the people.

It is in this context that one has to view the State Government’s decision to empower sarpanchas and panchas to monitor the functioning and attendance of government employees in these areas. To put an end to mass-absenteeism,

it has been decided that the employees would have to obtain a ‘certificate of attendance’ from sarpanchas and panchas of their areas to be entitled to draw their salaries. A large number of them are reported to have been found absent from their duties during the last two months. Besides, the teachers and the staff of the health department, the Anganwadi workers have been among the absentees. They have been either suspended or their salaries have been withheld. It may be a well-meaning measure to strengthen the Panchayati Raj institutions. It is doubtful, however, whether this in itself is enough. It might not have the desired effect. It exposes the junior employees to the multiplicity of higher authorities. As a consequence, those faithfully discharging their functions are likely to face unnecessary harassment. By no means, therefore, the Government’s latest move can be described as an ideal remedy. A better and more effective course would be to gear up the administration. It will only be fair to hold senior officers directly accountable in case indiscipline persists at the lower level.

The great pio show

By Tushar Charan

Perhaps with an eye as much on their dollars as on the need to launch vigorous cultural diplomacy (not to mention drumming up patriotic sentiments), the 'swadeshi' and 'nationalist' Government of India has turned its attention towards the 20 million strong Indian diaspora. January 9 has been designated as the Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas (PBD) in honour of the people of Indian origin (PIO) settled in about 110 countries of the world. The second PBD, like the inaugural one last year, was celebrated in the capital with much fanfare.

But after the event, it is time to ask at least a couple of questions. How strong is the Government's commitment to accelerating cultural diplomacy? Has the Government done enough for the youth among the diaspora for whom this year's PBD was specifically focused, to quote the Minister of External Affairs, Yashwant Sinha.

The burden of executing India's cultural diplomacy rests with the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), which was set up in 1990 with the specific aim of establishing, reviving and strengthening India's cultural relations and understanding with other countries. It is an autonomous organisation 'administratively attached' to the Ministry of External Affairs. That 'association' could well be responsible for enfeebling some of the vital activities of ICCR.

A Parliamentary standing committee, which took stock of ICCR activities generally 'appreciated' the ICCR work but wanted it to involve the civil society and the Indian diaspora more effectively. It added that the IcCR 'has not quite fulfilled the vision and mission with which it was launched 53 years ago.' It also observed that 'ICCR has not been interacting with the people who are actively involved in the field and who can tell them more from their experiences what really is needed to be done.'

The ICCR has 15 centres abroad, in countries with sizeable expatriate Indian population such as Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Surinam, Mauritius, South Africa and Indonesia, and countries known to have wide interest in India, such as the UK, Russia and the Central Asian Republics. But there is clear need for opening many more ICCR centres in other of the world. There are 26 such proposals for opening centres, some of them pending for the last 10 years. Not much progress has been made because of not only alleged lack of funds but also because of 'creating posts for the new centres'. It sounds like a bureaucratic way of killing the proposals. Bureaucracy is not well suited to run cultural affairs.

The ICCR centres in foreign countries have to depend on Indian missions a lot for the success of their activities. But the External Affairs Ministry mandarins, who jealously guard their perks and privileges, have made sure that diplomatic status is denied to ICCR heads in foreign countries. The Government on its part makes only token increases in the ICCR budget. The budget for 2003-04 was raised to Rs. 54.50 crore from previous year's Rs. 42.43 crore. The hike was insufficient for the full gamut of ICCR activities. According to the Parliamentary committee the External Affairs Ministry had failed to present the ICCR case strongly before the Ministry of Finance while the latter has been accused of not being able to recognise the importance of cultural diplomacy.

The Parliamentary committee was categorical in supporting the case for a meaningful increase in ICCR budget. It said: 'For better projection of India's image abroad and also for the increased activities and projects of the council, financial constraints should not come in its way...... nothing else can project our country in the world in a stronger way than our cultural and heritage.

Much of ICCR activities centre round the youth where the 'investment' made today can be very productive in future. Through scholarships to the youth, ICCR can claim to have helped many of today's leaders in the third world and not just countries with large Indian diaspora. But the scholarship programme of ICCR is still not targeted to the country's foreign policy. The ICCR scholarship is a one way affair; it is not available to Indian student wanting to study abroad. But even the scholarship offered to foreign students is obviously skewed, as the scholarship utilisation has been constantly low. For instance, in 2003-04, ICCR offered 1093 scholarships but only 606 students joined their courses in Indian universities. It is believed that the majority of students who fail to utilise scholarships are unable to pay the airfare to India and ICCR offers only a very few free airfares.

It is somewhat astonishing that despite its nomenclature and charter, ICCR does not appear to be serious towards cultural exchange programmes. ICCR does not have cultural exchange agreements with all countries. But the Parliamentary committee discovered that even many of the exchange programmes agreed upon for two years remained unexplored and are not renewed. ICCR appears to be biased against contemporary art and among the performing artists and troupes, there are clear preferences for individual and groups in selected cities. Junior and up-coming artists get few opportunities to display their talents abroad.

ICCR publishes a number of journals in various languages to spread the cultural message, which is both 'useful and informative'. But astonishingly, these are not accessible to the common man, according to the Parliamentary committee. In that context, it is hardly surprising that many important words spoken by eminent Indian leaders of the past as well as intellectuals, which have been compiled in book form, are poorly kept and maintained.

But there is something even more amazing. ICCR, which is headed by a progeny of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, has a collection of rare manuscripts from his collection and books, which have detailed marginal notes in his handwriting. It is a valuable heritage left by free India's most distinguished scholar-politician. 'But these collections are not in good shape and are poorly maintained,' said the committee in its report.

Admittedly, coordination between various Government departments and other agencies will be necessary for better performance by ICCR which cannot work in isolation. But the External Affairs Ministry the reluctance of the External Affairs Ministry to take up the job of coordination has been criticised by the committee. 'Cultural diplomacy has to be a basic and significant element in our foreign policy', said the committee and urged the ICCR to identify the organisations and institutions, which can strengthen its activities. It is clear that merely celebrating Pravasi Bharatiya Divas will not to for long-term goals, which cannot be confined to attracting dollars and presenting a 'shining India' before invited diaspora. (Syndicate Features)

Land pollution

By M N Kak

Land pollution is surfacing up and is signalling the degradation of environment and the soil, a very important commodity as a sustaining and support material to growth of plants and animals, is in peril which is the most unfortunate thing as this precious source is responsible for providing food through animals and plants. Pesticides are sprayed to kill pests but these are not absorbed by the plants these are sprayed on. A part of these insecticides are retained by the ground and a part of it flows into water bodies, where food chains and other declicae relationships are disrupted, thereby defiling the profile of land which shows variations, usually harmful, in acidity and alkanility. These pesticides enter only to be deposited as persistent poisonous difficult to destroy or taken out. Situation is graver, rather the garvest, when these pesticides are used beyond permitted levels. DDT, for instance gets deposited in the fish which when consumed by others man included spread various disorders. Many chemicals are transported into air through various means. Radioactive substances, sulphur, lead finally come to earth in small quantities. Fine particles of other elements are also brought to earth. Aerosols, aldehyde and ketonic compounds, Hydrogen cyanide, acid rain return to earth,some quantities of chloroflora carbons also come to earth only contributing to soil damage. These substances play havoc on forests to inhibit soil formation or leave it defiled thus making it an inefficient support system for plants. These pesticides designed specifically for dealing with pests insects or weeds etc are beneficial to man but at the same time, there deposition deprives the land and soil of their nutrient capacity. Crop production is likely to fall if these herbicides are not used but affected health of plants and animals is a reality. Mosquitoes, termites, insects, flies, cockroaches, locusts, borers, snails need to be controlled as they are responsible for doing a lot of damage. Our dependence on these substances is increasing day by day and the negative results are also there. Many, rather most pesticides as DDT, DDE, DDD, and a host of others are non-biodegradable effecting the global-eco-system and disrupt relationships of one kind or the other. DDT is supposed to be a carcinogenic substance for the human tissue. Chlorinated hydrocarbons invade birds in addition to being harmful for human tissue. Land pollution is linked with destruction of forests, damaging rubber plantations, damage to insectivorous birds and increasing mosquito pollution.

Birth defects in humans is also reported to be attributed to these pesticides as reported by Galston - 1974. Rachael Carson in her famous book "Silent spring" produced evidence of effects of pesticides upon wild life and hazards these could bring to man. The modern patterns of living leave a rot of rifraff. Refuse, construction leftoves of small diamensions remains embedded. Urbans population in India generates about 15 million tonnes of solid wastes per year. Solid waste management should thus be the top priority as these are responsible for choking the land, the lanes and making disposal problem. In cities with higher populations the land pollution is serious and its effects must be understood. Soil, a reservoir of mineral wealth, is in danger.

In south Vietnam use of herbicides as picloram and cacodylic acid changed ecology of 1/3 of land surface. Forests got defoiliated, fauna effected and agricultural crops were destroyed.

These herbicides alter structure and composition of land. Even land stops to sustain crops. Land pollution thus can disrupt economy and change environmental profile only to our disadvantage.

Industrial wastes and discharges, radioactive substances, unwanted and used materials in form of rifraff, even manures and fertilizers if used excessively harm the land and thus alter the structure and composition of land and soil. Land polluted by these means becomes a breeding ground for various microbes, which can be harmful.

Soil and land pollution contribute to reduce the ability of soil to support plants. There is an appreciable fall down in the soil which produces less and impairs the quality of crop and other products not that beneficial. Crops grown on depleted soils lack nutritive abilities. Sometimes top soil is reduced in quality and quantity both. Pollutants added through air also harm the land. Industrial sewages, pollutants, other harmful emissions also retard the capacity of soil to help growth. Garbages, sludges of various types, ash, and other wastes also disturb the profile of land. Soil pollution can be direct as fertilizers damage the land quality, if used beyond permitted levels. Other sources can also disturb the chemistry of soil. Hence land and soil pollution deserves special consideration, remembering that soil - the important commodity is to be maintained strengthened and protected.

The grand illusion of inter linking of rivers

By Satya Prakash

Never before has any proposal won the unstinted support of the apex court, the first citizen and the chief executive of the country all at the same time. With this unprecedented backing, the Government has pressed in all available resources to steamroll the controversial interlinking of rivers project, ignoring largely the anticipated socio-economic and ecological implications as well as the compelling concerns of conscientious citizens.

The proposed interlinking of all the major rivers of the country is but a supermarket approach to meeting all the basic needs – of drinking water, irrigation and power at one go. It is also a perfect political tool to woo the electorate, the opposition to which has been hard to come by. For a minority of the conscientious citizens though, this has been the greatest contemporary challenge the governing elite has posed.

Though, several times the combined impact of all major development projects in the country, the river-linking initiative has been presented as the panacea for all the conceivable ills. Inconceivable benefits notwithstanding, it could initiate the kind of growth that offers cover for rampant corruption and lucrative kickbacks.

The recent cases of corruption in the Environment Ministry are clear indications that ecological and environmental concerns are taking a back seat.

The coalition of political opportunism brushes aside instances of corruption as mere exceptions, ignoring the fact that such ‘exceptions’ are indeed threatening to become ‘rules’. The inevitable side effects of development have indeed been taken for granted.

The interlinking of rivers is being projected as one giant move to complete nature’s unfinished agenda. With surplus flow into the Brahmaputra and less-than-desired flow into the Cauvery being the overriding concerns, the governing elite intends to bring equality in water access across the diverse eco-regions of the country.

How can nature allow one river basin to be water-rich and not the others? By 2050, the per capita availability in the Brahmaputra basin would be 9,000 kilolitres against 400 for the peninsular basins of Cauvery and Pennar. For the powers-that-be, this is not acceptable, as it would mean less than the minimum per capita requirement of 1,000 kilolitres. If the roads can be linked, so too can the rivers, they argue.

Short-circuiting nature through inter-basin transfer may seem technologically feasible and, in a sense, possible too. But if that were really so, the mighty Indus could have easily flowed through the desert of Rajasthan into the sea via the shortest route and the same would be applicable to the Brahmaputra as well.

Not only is ecology being undermined, geography too seems to be at the receiving end. Unprecedented in the country’s independent history, both are being altered without getting the conventional nod from the protectors of the Constitution.

Surplus flow and its wasteful discharge into the oceans seem the prime movers for the project. What if the food (the elusive calcium molecule that travels from the mountain slopes) does not reach the corals in the sea?

The corals and fish seem to be the least of the concerns for the proponents of mass water transfer. And so are the resultant displacements, the anticipated water-logging and consequent transfer of pollutants. Such ecological damage could neither be averted nor satisfactorily addressed in either of the mega projects thus far and, yet, the proposed interlinking of rivers is being touted as free from such threats.

Ecological ignorance is its peak, albeit knowingly. Currently, 1,869 billion cubic metres (BCM) of fresh water is all that is available out of the annual precipitation of 4,000 bcm.

Even considering the country’s projected demand in 2050; the current supply is enough to meet the need for 1,447 bcm of water of an estimated 1.64 billion population. Much cheaper eco-friendly options are being bypassed in favour of this proposal that will cost the country well over $ 500 billion, factoring in cost escalations and anticipated delays.

Ecological ignorance coupled with political arrogance is well reflected in the statement by the Chairman of the Task Force on Interlinking of Rivers, Mr. Suresh Prabhu: "The Government doesn’t have proprietary rights on ‘wisdom’, but the government has the right to ‘act’ upon its decisions." But were not the decisions supposed to be people-centric? If so, why is peoples’ wisdom being discounted?

Not many know that the country’s first Prime Minister did not allow the ‘disease of gigantism’ to trouble him for long. In Jawaharlal – A biography, Prof. S. Gopal records Nehru’s subsequent views on the subject expressed at the Central Board of Irrigation meeting on November 17, 1958: "Nehru was now more aware than in the past when, surveying the Bhakra-Nangal dam in 1956, he had whispered to himself, "These are the new temples of India where I worship."

Addressing the meeting, Nehru had remarked,"… (he) doubted very much if the Government would have initiated such a project if it came before them at this time. Such a dam was exceedingly expensive, involved a considerable amount of foreign exchange and took a long time to be completed. All that India had gained from it was electric power and little irrigation."

Interestingly, K.L. Rao, whose Ganga-Cauvery link plan has been re-packaged into the interlinking of rivers proposal, was a minister in Nehru’s Cabinet.

History repeated itself when Rajiv Gandhi, speaking to State Irrigation Ministers in August 1986, said: "The situation today is that since 1951, 246 big surface irrigation projects have been initiated. Only 66 of these have been completed, 181 are still under construction.

Perhaps, we can safely say that almost no benefit has come to the people from these projects. For 16 years, we have poured out money. The people have got nothing back, no irrigation, no water, no increase in production, no help in their daily life."

Any decision that could affect the lives of millions must go through the rigour of scrutiny of all the available documents on the subject.

The interlinking of rivers proposal offers the politician electoral gains, as votes can still be bargained for false promises. For industry, the interlinking promises consumption of cement and steel for decades. For bureaucrats, it presents opportunity to barter contracts. And for engineering and other professionals, it will be a dream comes true.

If equality in water access is the guiding principle that is being used to lure the unsuspecting masses, then questions about providing employment to eligible citizens, food security and equal opportunities to all crop up.

Thus, access to water alone does not ensure equality. It would be akin to producing food grains for all but without ensuring purchasing capacity for most. Further, access to copious water may encourage mass wastage, as has been the tendency in canal-irrigated areas across the country.

The promise that the proposal will generate 34,000 MW of power; extend irrigation to dry districts in the country and boost GDP by 4 per cent sounds good on paper. If the track record of past projects is any indication, it is an illusion that has been successfully sustained through the past five decades of our independent existence. INAV

 
 



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