EDITORIAL

Hurriyat turn!

While the change in Hurriyat leadership was on cards, some of the recent events in the separatist camp had not only thrown the whole process in throes but had at one time threatened the very existence of the amalgam. It therefore is almost an achievement for the Hurriyat that it has not only overcome the virtual belligerence of the veteran politician Geelani but has even emerged more wholesome from the process. Indeed, one can see in the election of Abbas Ansari as the head of the conglomerate an attempt to put the extremist elements on the brink so to say, though.....more

Bum Bum Bhole!

It is one of rarer occasions when the Governor of the State himself opens the darshana to the Amarnathji Gupha, as General Sinha has done. For one thing the Cave is up in the mountains. Then, the Yatra has been a choice target of the terrorists and is steeped in terrorist threat. There are wide apprehensions that the terrorists on the run after being dislodged from Hill Kaka would try to mount an attack there. For nothing is unexpected of a terrorist. Even the people who had lingering doubts about the dark ....more

Bid to derail peace
process in Kashmir

By Ghazanfar Butt

The second half of the month of June looked promising in Jammu and Kashmir. The tourist traffic had picked up and it looked as if the initiatives taken by Prime Minister Vajpayee for peace were having a positive impact. ......more

Nepal: New PM's appointment sparks debate

By Subhashis Mittra

The recent appointment of Surya Bahadur Thapa as the new Prime Minister of Nepal by King Gyanendra is unlikely to end the political uncertainty ......more

Needed : An industrial policy for J&K

By H C Katoch

Generation of industrial climate in a country, State or an area with potential and growth is dependant on protection by the Govt through provision of infrastructure facilities, extension work and incentives in the beginning to counter the competitive market price of goods and services.......more

EDITORIAL

Hurriyat turn!

While the change in Hurriyat leadership was on cards, some of the recent events in the separatist camp had not only thrown the whole process in throes but had at one time threatened the very existence of the amalgam. It therefore is almost an achievement for the Hurriyat that it has not only overcome the virtual belligerence of the veteran politician Geelani but has even emerged more wholesome from the process. Indeed, one can see in the election of Abbas Ansari as the head of the conglomerate an attempt to put the extremist elements on the brink so to say, though they may not completely be marginalized. For, how can an amalgam sideline elements upon whose very goodwill it depends not only to survive but to keep together? The reports that it was pressure from outside who did not want to see Hurriyat divided at the crucial time, which kept Hurriyat from being splintered, are ominous indications in this regard.

Though one can see the silver lining of the subversive tendencies and pulls having been forced to show some respect for the sentiment and feelings there, it must not be discounted that even after the ‘unanimous election’ Hurriyat remains a deeply divided house. It was only a month or so back that his parent party Jamat-I-Islami had divested Geelani of the representative status, but it was mysteriously restored the other day. Yet in the Saturday meet that elected Ansari, the Jammat representative was conspicuously absent. So was Yasin Malik who was widely tipped for the headship. Though his ‘representative’ was present and voting, it couldn’t have been very difficult for Malik to spare time from his ‘signature campaign’ for the crucial meet. That is another ominous silence, if one may call it so. The endorsement that was transmitted through Ghulam Rassol Dar could have been vouched more fittingly. Why, cynics would even point to the grim bearing of Mir Waiz too!

All that puts a great onus on Ansari. Though he is not very far from the Geelani angle in his preferences, he does represent an entirely different spectrum in there. Indeed, analysts see a bridging of sorts with the Shias here. Keeping Pak angle in view, one could even see a compensation for the very ruthless Shia-Sunni strife overtaking most of Pakistan from the usurped parts of Gilgit and Skardu to Karachi itself. Conversely, the symbolism of the Shia head could be an attempt by the indigenous elements in the conglomerate to bridge the sectarian divide in the Valley. The symbolic gestures, however, are known to prove rather costly for the groups because the symbols themselves remain under unholy pressures to go to the other extreme. A welcome sign here is the new chief’s declaration that ‘talks not guns’ would solve the problem. That, indeed, is what the mainstream politics has been saying, and was getting chided for. Is there hope that a corner is actually being turned here, that the Hurriyat has gotten over the extremist positions and postures?

Bum Bum Bhole!

It is one of rarer occasions when the Governor of the State himself opens the darshana to the Amarnathji Gupha, as General Sinha has done. For one thing the Cave is up in the mountains. Then, the Yatra has been a choice target of the terrorists and is steeped in terrorist threat. There are wide apprehensions that the terrorists on the run after being dislodged from Hill Kaka would try to mount an attack there. For nothing is unexpected of a terrorist. Even the people who had lingering doubts about the dark proclivities of the terrorists have seen their true colors when they first tried to ‘ban’ the Yatra and then kept attacking the devotees to disrupt it. It is a tribute to the faith and daring of the Yatris that they have not only been coming for the Yatra inspite of these precipitate threats but have been joining the Yatra in ever increasing numbers. For its part the government has also tried to cope with the challenge.

The administration that is overseeing the Yatra from its new ‘base camp’ in Jammu appears to have put in that extra effort that makes the normal arrangements satisfactory. The pilgrim camp in M A stadium looks an orderly, well monitored place. One may however add that the pilgrimage is only beginning and the test of the arrangements would come towards the middle and the end when the full rush would be on. The extended Yatra is not only a boon for the city trade, but a virtual livelihood for a full complement of traders, workers, horsemen and coolies in the Valley. Though one cannot say whether they have been restricted by the security consideration or not, one feels that the participation of the local sansthas, social activists, NGOs is not quite in keeping with their prominence and presence in the city. Probably, some more groups can still be mobilized to help the Yatris here. For, it is dharma of this land to ease the hardship of the Yatris. Let none be thwarted in fulfilling that dharma either in pious pilgrimage or piety of service.

Bid to derail peace process in Kashmir

By Ghazanfar Butt

The second half of the month of June looked promising in Jammu and Kashmir. The tourist traffic had picked up and it looked as if the initiatives taken by Prime Minister Vajpayee for peace were having a positive impact.

The visit to the State by President Abdul Kalam and his interaction with the people, particularly the young school-children, touched an emotional chord among the people. He addressed the University Convocation, took the salute at a police parade, visited a border outpost and addressed the soldiers. Besides he went on a boat ride in the Dal Lake.

The way the President of India spoke and interacted was different from what the people expected from the constitutional head of the country. At all the locations he visited, he was informal and forthright. He held forth the vision he had for the State and the rest of the country.

The images transmitted around the world suggested that the State was fast returning to normalcy. This impression was contrary to what Pakistan’s President-General Musharraf was proclaiming during his sojourn abroad. The impression had to be changed. Hence the attack on the army camp at Sanjwan near Jammu. It recalled the massacre at Kaluchak last year. The technique was almost the same.

How will the Government of India react to the attack on the Army camp at Sanjwan? The attackers came from across the border. Should India mobilize its troops like it did last year and give up the peace initiatives?

The international community has appreciated the restraint shown by the Government of India. The world, by this time, has understood Pakistan and its military rulers. On the one hand, Pakistan is an ally of the U.S. in fighting terrorism in Afghanistan and elsewhere. Simultaneously, the ISI and the Pakistan military establishment are harbouring the Al Qaeida, training jehadis and pushing them into Jammu and Kashmir. The fundamentalist organisations like the Lashkar-e-Tayyeba and the Jaish-e-Mohmmad, are planning their attacks against India and the Western countries.

Discerning people in the U.S. are under no delusion about General Musharraf. The Washington Post said: "Despite his military background, the President is known for delivering soaringly liberal speeches outlining a vision of a moderate, democratic Pakistan that would respect human rights and promote a tolerant version of Islam. The rhetoric, plus Mr. Musharraf's willingness to cooperate with the Pentagon and CIA, may be enough to convince many in the Bush administration that the General is their best chance in an unstable and dangerous country with its own nuclear arsenal. Yet the reality is that Mr. Musharraf has consistently failed to live up to his promises.

"The extremist groups he says he disbanded have been reconstituted under other names; Al Qaeda and Taliban remnants still use Pakistan as a base to attack U.S. forces in Afghanistan, Islamic militants continue to infiltrate into Kashmir. Most grievous, Mr. Musharraf's attempt to restructure Pakistan's political system to permanently empower the military has pitted him against the country's secular civil society and ended up boosting fundamentalist Muslim politicians… Mr. Bush has chosen to overlook Mr. Musharraf's weak and disturbing record and to hope that more aid will buy better results. If his bet on this General is wrong, the consequences for Pakistan, and U.S. security, will be dire."

To highlight what General Musharraf is facing back home, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, General Mohammed

Aziz Khan, came out with an extraordinary comment at a public gathering when the Pakistan President was abroad: "America is the number one enemy of the Muslim world and is conspiring against Muslim nations all over the world." He also mentioned that politics should not be done in 'uniform' -- a clear reference to Musharraf's position as Chief of the Army Staff, opposition to which has become a rallying point in anti-government quarters. Aziz Khan also stressed that "even with a solution to the Kashmir dispute, India and Pakistan could never be friends." (Asia Times).

The Government of India has retained its cool in spite of the provocation by the terrorists. The policy makers in New Delhi have been guided by the wishes of the people of Jammu and Kashmir. The overwhelming desire is for the return of peace. They are conscious that militancy that commenced in 1989 has not helped the people. They also realize that the consequences of militancy cannot be wished away but will haunt them for a long time and Pakistan will always have the ability to disturb peace in the State. They hope that Prime Minister Vajpayee will not give up his efforts to engage Pakistan in a dialogue.

People in Jammu and Kashmir also hope that the Central interlocutor, N.N Vohra, will lay the groundwork for a meaningful effort to find a solution to the problems of the State. When an accord was arrived at in 1974, all Kashmiris united behind Sheikh Abdullah. Today, the leaders of Jammu and Kashmir are a divided lot. Even the All Parties Hurriyet Conference is unable to present a united face to the Central interlocutor.

Looking back, Jammu and Kashmir resembles the situation in Punjab a decade ago. It did not take long for the situation to change in Punjab. Mufti Mohammad Sayeed has been able to steer the State towards stability. In this effort he has received support from all political parties in the State, including the National Conference. The Central Government has given all support to the State Government in its tasks, even though the National Conference, which is a constituent of the National Democratic Alliance is sitting in the opposition benches in the State.

People fervently hope that the bouts of violence do not derail the peace efforts initiated by Prime Minsiter Vajpayee. – adni

Nepal: New PM's appointment sparks debate

By Subhashis Mittra

The recent appointment of Surya Bahadur Thapa as the new Prime Minister of Nepal by King Gyanendra is unlikely to end the political uncertainty prevailing in the Himalayan Kingdom. This is because the five agitating mainstream parties have made it clear that they would not join the Government that ‘lacks popular representation’.

Politics in Nepal is likely to remain as fragile as ever with five major parties up in arms after the King turned down their unanimous proposal to make CPM-UML General Secretary Madhav Kumar Nepal the new Prime Minister.

While the Nepali Congress has refused to recognise the new Government and has said that it will not join the Ministry, other opposition parties feel it was undemocratic exercise to put aside the proposal of the five parties, whose combined strength is more than three-fourth in the dissolved House of Representatives.

Stating that the appointment of Thapa as Prime Minister has made democracy and multi-party system a "joke", the CPM-UML charged that the King has breached the Constitution by not approving Madhav Kumar Nepal as Prime Minister.

Thapa, 75, in his fifth stint as premier, will have to draw on his years of political experience in the face of hostility from the main political parties and continuing street protests as the five major parties have threatened to intensify their joint agitation and not let the Government function.

Facing the serious challenge from the five major political parties, Thapa will have to rely on his wealth of experience to navigate the turbulent times ahead, analysts say and paint out that he is known best for his political acumen and also as an expert who had over four decades of political experience serving in different positions, including four times in the highest executive post.

Thapa was seen as close to Gyanendrals father, King Mahendra. But, following the end of the absolute monarchy in 1990 Thapa took pains to be seen as a democrat. He went to the extent of joining the chorus of criticism against the King in October.

Seeking to drop the palace tag, Thapa said after the swearing-in that his Rashtriya Prajatantra Party had also assailed the sacking of the Sher Bahadur Deuba Government last year.

Analysts feel that his present appointment to the Prime Ministerial post has spoilt his political charisma because he is being branded as the King’s trusted man at a time when the King’s popularity is at a low ebb. They feel the appointment has been made under very murky circumstances.

"Given the growing anger and frustration of the mainstream parties who feel they have been deliberately sidelined by the King, it will be an almost impossible task for Thapa to stabilise himself and defuse the multiple political protests likely to assume uglier tones in coming days," said NHRC member Kapil Shrestha in Kathmandu. He felt that the King’s decision to appoint Thapa could very well prove to be another faulty and counter-productive move.

With the new Government likely to totter on the brink of crisis, analysts say there was one way Thapa could prolong his Government and that was by convincing the King to reinstate Parliament and fix a date for Parliamentary elections.

Thapa is the second Prime Minister appointed by Gyanendra after the King in October fired the elected Government led by Sher Bahadur Deuba and appointed Lokendra Bahadur Chand in his place. But Chand resigned following demonstrations calling his appointment unconstitutional.

Sounding confident of receiving full cooperation from the five agitating parties, Thapa has said that since he belonged to the sixth political party protesting against the King and also for the people’s democratic rights, he would be able to handle the situation.

The dissolution of the Pratinidhi Sabha (Lower House) in May was a sore point between the Palace and the political parties. The new Prime Minister Thapa is aware of that. He has gone on record as saying he does not rule out the possibility of revival of the House or calling early polls. He is open to both options and also wants to run the country with national consensus.

Thapa has said he will persuade all parties to join his own Government. To this, a Nepali Congress leader said that his party could join the Government if Thapa revived the House.

Meanwhile, Thapa has already started meeting leaders of various political parties. He held courtesy meetings with Nepali Congress Chief G. P. Koirala and CPN (UML) supremo Madhav Kumar Nepal at their homes.

He has assured that he will continue to hold peace talks with the Maoists, who have been fighting the bloody insurgency since 1996. Infact, it was their movement which forced the dismissal of Deuba Government and dissolution of Parliament. The appointment of Lokendra Bahadur Chand as a new Prime Minister also met the same fate.

In a recent interview, Thapa said his biggest priority was to find a way out of the deep political crisis currently enveloping Nepal. Since his appointment is being seen as an opportunity to break the girdlock among the monarchy, political parties and the Maoists, Thapa is striving hard to establish a Government that represents major parties and revive negotiations with the Maoists.

On the talks with Maoists, Thapa intends to remove the past weaknesses in negotiating with them. He hopes to involve the political parties in the peace process to make it more credible and effective. On relations with India, Thapa argues that the two countries cannot afford to ignore each other. "We must maintain the best of relations and solve the problems in the relationship," he said. Pointing to the geographic realities that bind India and Nepal, Thapa said "without Indian cooperation, we cannot make much progress".

Being neighbours, India is held responsible for everything that happens in Nepal. There are rumours that Thapa has been installed in power by India. Just as New Delhi blames the "foreign hand" for every development, India has been an easy target in Nepal.

Since the socio-political turmoil in neighbouring Nepal has a spill over effect in India, New Delhi is keenly watching the latest developments. Whatever has been happening in the tiny Himalayan Kingdom has definite fallout in India.

The Maoist rebels fighting to topple Nepal’s monarchial system will once again try to exploit the fluid political atmosphere and intensify their agitation for a republican State. Already 5,000 people have died since the Maoists declared "People’s War" in February 1996 and half of these deaths occurred during the four-and-a-half months of State of emergency suspending civil liberties in the "young" democracy — just 12 years into its incarnation as a constitutional monarchy.

Experts feel that for India, the emerging strategy of the rebels must cause equal, if not greater, worry. The concern originates from the fact that the armed rebellion against the State finds fertile ground in the most backward areas of the country — parts of Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Telengana and the North-East. Whether it manifests itself as caste senas in Bihar or ethnic separatist movement in the North- East, the underlying problem is the same — the complete lack of accountability of the State to the people.

India also believes that the Maoists are abetted by ISI, which uses the rebels to fuel anti-India feelings in Nepal. During the King’s last visit to India early this year, concern was voiced by New Delhi over the activities of Pakistan’s ISI from the Napalese soil.

India regards "Multi-party Democracy" and "Constitutional Monarchy" as the two main pillars for stability in Nepal and remains committed to the strengthening of its long-standing and close friendship and good neighbourly relations with Nepal.’

India hopes that the present crisis will be resolved soon within the framework of the constitutional process, paving the way for elections at the earliest to facilitate the installation of a democratically elected Government in the interest of peace, stability and development of Nepal. PTI Feature

Needed : An industrial policy for J&K

By H C Katoch

Generation of industrial climate in a country, State or an area with potential and growth is dependant on protection by the Govt through provision of infrastructure facilities, extension work and incentives in the beginning to counter the competitive market price of goods and services.

France now an advanced country in the world protected its infant industries through these means. Chinese aggressive marketing potential has shaken the very basis of industrial stability especially in the consumer market in our country. Industrial culture was developed through provision of various safeguards and incentives for their survival and growth since independence. Infact, it was second plan period i.e 1956-61, which promoted industrial culture and was termed as industrial plan. It was a beginning in the direction of conscious industrial development.

In our state, too, infrastructural facilities, different incentives like central investment subsidy and other relief packages of sales tax exemption etc continued to be the source for the entrepreneurs to survive and build base for future development. The State Govt had been continuously reviewing its policy to bring the state in the industrial map of the country. Despite all the endeavours our industry whether SSI, Handloom or KVIB had never come up to compete within and outside the state. The success rate is abysmally low and the manufacturers from outside the state have never allowed our products to compete their price structure both within our state and even outside too. Handicraft industry being traditional has been the only giant revenue generating source in our state.

Small Scale Industry

Small scale industrial units registered in the state as per published data in digest of statistics till 2000-01 are reported to be 42,716 employing 1,87,800 persons. Sheds in industrial estates rose from 251 in 1969-70 to 828 in 2000-01 out of which 806 are utilized for production purposes. Annual production crossed Rs 3246 crores. Net state domestic product at current prices in 1999-2000 on the other hand from Manufacturing (registered sector) is just over Rs 146 crores and for the entire secondary sector it is Rs 1985 crores. No more comments on this issue. SSI units registered as per state and All India census of 1997-98 and 1987-88 are recorded at 14631 and 39,538 respectively. Total functional including seasonal units were 15145 as per the above census reports. Out of this SSI and tiny units accounted for 13250. We do not go into examination of the details of cross section of statistics for various other indicators of employment, investment, production and turn over etc as we are concerned purely from the angle of evolution of industrial policy. How far the efforts of the Govt have culminated in assisting, developing and finally properly settling and sustaining industrial growth in the State is evident from declining trend, sickness and closure of units.

The continuous reduction of the functional industrial units is a clear indicator of our failure to initiate measures commensurate with the requirements of units and unit holders. The Govt conducted census and extensive surveys and the results indicated some of the prominent causes of closure and sickness of units, which are classified like inadequate credit availability or finances in cases of 60 percent of the units to run the show. Further delays in sanction of loans incentives and other allied matters followed by market competition to channelise their products for sale in absence of assured market and various other factors like lack of entrepreneurship were some of the other causes. To add more to this list are inefficient production techniques, lack of economy of scale, technology and in some cases non-availability of scarce raw material etc. The Govt continues to modify its packages based on findings of census and surveyes, but the problem continued despite adding industrial estates, growth centers and such other infrastructure facilities to give fillip to the industrial development.

The Govt efforts to run its own public sector undertakings since their establishment have never yielded fruits despite giving heavy doses of investments to bring these from red and some, in this process were closed also. Thus we are left with no alternative but to analyze afresh as to where are we lacking in our approach for proclamation of sincere, effective and resulted oriented policy in the state. Is it financial package that will help? Can some regulatory system of one single window system minimize failures in establishment of industrial units ? Can our entrepreneurial development programmes succeed in skill development and give birth to the promising entrepreneurs? There are various other questions, which can be directed for probable alternatives to our approach for unraveling the tangled skeins of industrial complexity.

Potential

The state has the potential existing in different parts on its soil for exploitation. If we ponder over, there is a long list of such items, which fall in different categories, and some units are also functioning. This categorization takes into account the industrial units to be based on. i) available resources on soil ii) demand effective iii) localized skill & iv) agro etc. in general.

Policy frame work

It is established that despite strenuous endeavors by the state, for people in general and prospective as well as existing entrepreneurs, the scenario of industrial development still remains unchanged. Statements of political stalwarts/people in power both within the State and country to help us out of closure and sickness of industrial units resulted in increase of non-performing assets. This approach so for remained as ineffective for the growth and development of industry in the State. Recent statement of the Chief Minister involving Cooperative Department for giving boost to poultry development in the state is again the old modus operandi towards the development of industries in the State. This, too, is forecasted to meet the same fate as other industrial ventures have met so far. For a policy framework a good deal of vision is required on the basis of ground realities. We have sufficient material both of human resources, skills, potential and likewise other connected parameters to spell out a detailed policy framework.

Essential perquisites

Entrepreneur is the centre rather centripetal force around which land, labour, capital and organisation revolves. Entrepreneurial skill can be upgraded through various means of trainings, exposure and contacts etc, However, enterpreneur is not found in every human being. It is quite scarce and as such success of ventures eludes in large number of cases. Identification of an entrepreneur is the pre requisite for the success of any venture. It is an uphill task to imagine as to which will be the real master for success. One successful entrepreneur will create employment while unsuccessful entrepreneurs will bring doom to the industry.

Tools for assistance

Functions and responsibilities of Govt functionaries at different levels are already defined and we presume that they discharge their functions very meticulously. Let us give them the targets for making a unit in running condition rather on turnkey basis. They are to be tied with the success of the venture, which they are registering. Let this number be fixed after examining the total magnitude of endeavour involved for each month for registation by each field functionary. He will be accountable for all the steps to be taken after the registration till production starts. This is just one option for one step allowing deviation from the existing procedural system in vogue. We have to dispense with the traditional approach of registering units on large scale, but restrict to only those, which will be viable and sustain any onslaught of market competition.

Resource base

Doling out of Govt subsidies and incentives to unscrupulous elements has to be checked. Resource base of the entrepreneur is one of the precondition for judgment of his financial position in relation to the venture taken up. Detailed requirements of different products needed by departments would spell out the areas for industrial activity. Detailed guidelines can be framed for that. Many Govt schemes fail simply because the resource base of the people is poor. Most important component for the growth of the industrial unit is marketing. In monopoly marketing is assured, while in perfect or imperfect competition, market forces are extremely important to visualize. All such units that have the assured market for their products could be the first to be registered established sustained and grown. These units will have the capacity to diversify their areas of activities, thus accelerating the pace of industrial growth. There exists scope to tie, each Govt department with some units for assured market to them. A dilated study of the requirements of different products needed by departments would spell out the areas for industrial activity. Our approach for industrial development till now concentrated on all procedural aspects right from registration to production stage. A shift in this approach with liberal options but containing the entrepreneur from getting undue advantages has to be developed. All safeguards will be inbuilt, but at the same time free play is to be ensured. Everybody cannot be Dhirubhai Ambani but such an entrepreneur gives birth to hundreds of entrepreneurs through their network and generation of employment. We should have less units but all successful.

Shift in policy

A major shift in policy has to be conceived and proper hypothesis laid and tested to give it the status of a theory which in due course of time becomes command/law. To achieve this goal, a think tank comprising i) field functionaries, ii) representatives of entrepreneurs iii) social scientists and iv) association of market research institutions are to be ensured for devising policy framework. This has to be translated into action through this group on experimental basis. The results obtained through this exercise would pave a way for holistic approach towards establishment of industrial units in the state. This experiment shall become the basis for proclaiming future effective and practical industrial policy for the State. This approach has been devised after thorough study of the entrepreneurs, industrial climate, potential, credit needs and procedural aspects of the Govt departments and financial institutions coupled with personal experience of over a long period of research through field surveys, impact studies, evaluation and appraisal of various schemes, programmes and projects etc.

''Government has no business to do business'' is the right saying. This area has to be left to others as is already conceived in ''Mixed Economy'' concept of our country, which applies universally for all Governments also. Let a beginning be made for industrial sector, which will be extended to all other sectors of the economy in due course of time. This will save the Government from daily drum beating for eradication of corruption as this approach embraces accountability and all involved in this process have incentive, which is a premier guiding force for hard work, dedication and result oriented actions.

(The author is former Director Planning J&K Govt)

 
 



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