EDITORIAL

People must take notice

When two important Constitutional functionaries grumble about the maladies afflicting the country, the nation must sit up and take notice. Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Chief Election Commissioner J.M. Lyngdoh have in their characteristic ways brought into sharp focus the multiple evils that are eating into our system. In actual terms, both of them have underlined the role and significance of the elections and how important it is to keep them free from ......more

Leave no loose end

It is extremely satisfying that the full facts about the leak of question papers for the MD/MS entrance examination in the State have been ascertained. The credit for this must go to the investigators involved in this difficult exercise. They appear to have done a thorough and speedy job. Not surprisingly, the racket has a multi-state dimension. Apart from a number of persons nabbed in the State itself, the search for the culprits had led the authorities to Punjab and Delhi. One person belonging to Haryana was also.....more

Performance by new
Chief Ministers will give
more Lok Sabha seat to BJP

By Fazal Mehmood

The three state assembly elec-tions have given mor-al boost to the BJP, thus, it has added three new states to its kitty. Will the new chief ministers succeed where their predecessors had failed? Many would say this question . ......more

Government employees hijack elections

By Bharat Jhunjhunwala

Two issues have come to front in the recent elections of the five states. First issue is of priority between government expenditures on the social sectors and. ......more

Threat of Global warming

By Amit Verma

The presence of life on planet earth makes it unique among the comity of planets known. This life is sustained mainly by the presence and unique composition of its atmosphere. The atmosphere......more

EDITORIAL

People must take notice

When two important Constitutional functionaries grumble about the maladies afflicting the country, the nation must sit up and take notice. Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Chief Election Commissioner J.M. Lyngdoh have in their characteristic ways brought into sharp focus the multiple evils that are eating into our system. In actual terms, both of them have underlined the role and significance of the elections and how important it is to keep them free from harmful influences. Without mincing any words, Mr Vajpayee has, in a commendable demonstration of fair play and impartiality, bracketed the Jogi tape and Judeo video episodes. He has, very rightly, described them as two ‘serious warning signals’ for the country’s democratic order. He has been left unsure about what the younger generation would think and how it would react to the unsavoury controversies involving a former Union minister and a former Chief Minister. Considering that an object of Mr Vajpayee’s ire was his own former ministerial colleague, Mr Dilip Singh Judeo, and not merely Mr Ajit Jogi, the ex-Congress Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh, one would do well to appreciate his concern for the larger issue he has raised. Mentioning the two incidents as a ‘blot’ on our democracy, he was unable to hide his sense of anguish over these corruption cases involving the country’s two major political parties. Two main points that Mr Vajpayee has made are worth considering. One is that the country should ponder over the questions like the funding of elections which were becoming increasingly expensive as well as the future of democracy. The other is that the political parties should look at themselves and think whether they were rendering themselves vulnerable to corporate interests. He did not believe that Deputy Prime Minister L.K. Advani had prior knowledge of the sting operation against Mr Jogi but made it absolutely clear that the Central Bureau of Investigation was free to probe this aspect should it so desire. Just a day before the Prime Minister had expressed his sentiments in Parliament, the CEC had spoken on almost similar lines elsewhere in the national capital. Delivering a lecture, the CEC struck a note of caution that the situation in the country was becoming increasingly difficult for the conduct of free and fair elections. According to him, the main reasons for this were: the growing ‘partisan’ role of the State Government employees and the absence of rule of law in a vast area infested by extremist activities. It was quite revealing that Mr Lyngdoh had found it easy to hold the elections in Jammu and Kashmir than in many other states. ‘It was risky (in J&K) but it was easier because the administration was there everywhere,’ the CEC has stated. For a person who had won all-round praise for conducting the 2002 Assembly polls in the State, the more difficult task has been in more than half of Bihar, parts of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh. He had found vast areas in these states where there was no rule of law and where the police writ did not run.

On a deeper analysis, one would find that the burden of what both the Prime Minister and the CEC have said is that the sooner the country gets rid of poll malpractices, the better it would be for its democratic dispensation. The use of audio and video tapes has served to confirm what has been widely known so far. There is gross abuse of position by the members of the political class to dig into either the government money or gleefully pocket cash in exchange for help in getting a lucrative contract. In the age of privatisation, it is all the more necessary to guard against such temptations. Admittedly, the majority of well-intentioned corporate houses have no time except to do their business with a single-minded pursuit. This has been the case of those who have won laurels for the country in the sphere of information technology. The problem is when the unscrupulous among them see in the greed of the politicians a convenient way to turn the levers of power to their own advantage. Whatever that may be, it can’t be an excuse for the politicians to shun their responsibility towards society and the nation. For their own sake, they should see the writing on the wall and reverse a negative trend.

Leave no loose end

It is extremely satisfying that the full facts about the leak of question papers for the MD/MS entrance examination in the State have been ascertained. The credit for this must go to the investigators involved in this difficult exercise. They appear to have done a thorough and speedy job. Not surprisingly, the racket has a multi-state dimension. Apart from a number of persons nabbed in the State itself, the search for the culprits had led the authorities to Punjab and Delhi. One person belonging to Haryana was also arrested in this matter. He, along with another colleague from Punjab, worked in the printing press in the national capital where the question papers had been printed. Probe has established that they had stolen the paper, which, evidently as part of a plan to make a fast buck, was brought by a third person to Jammu. On a tip-off, the authorities had found that the papers were available in the State for Rs 3 to Rs 4 lakhs per paper. In a country in which the question paper of the highly prestigious Common Admission Test (CAT) has been leaked, what happened in the State might seem a mini-scandal. It is perhaps better to avoid such comparisons. For, in either case the culprits have caused incalculable damage, which can’t be measured in monetary terms alone. Their misdeeds have violated the sanctity of the examinations and caused disappointment to those meritorious young persons who nurse big dreams for their State and the country by seeking a professional career of their choice. In the instances of the premature disclosure of question papers, the only option available to the concerned administrative machinery is to cancel them and reschedule the examinations. Therefore, there is nothing extraordinary about what the Board of Professional Entrance Examination has done in the State by taking these steps.

What is needed is that adequate and foolproof measures are taken to prevent the recurrence of such incidents in future. One would trust the assurance given by Chief Minister Mufti Mohammad Sayeed in the State Assembly in this regard. He might also do well to address a larger question. With the number of professional institutions on the rise in the State, it is absolutely necessary that their admission procedure is fair and credible. For that, there has to be total transparency. Over the years, undoubtedly, there has been some improvement in the system like, for example, the names of the selected candidates are published in order of merit in the newspapers. However, the parents who have accompanied their children during the exercise to allot colleges, which is conducted in the name of counselling, will vouch for the fact that there are a few rough edges that should be smoothened. They are just ushered in a room and verbally informed about the choices available to them. A better course may be to adopt a more reliable computerised system of displaying the names of colleges and their available vacancies at the time of their allotment as is being done at several places. There is no other way that people are convinced that what is being done is above suspicion.

Performance by new Chief Ministers will give more Lok Sabha seat to BJP

By Fazal Mehmood

The three state assembly elec-tions have given mor-al boost to the BJP, thus, it has added three new states to its kitty. Will the new chief ministers succeed where their predecessors had failed? Many would say this question should be asked at the end of next year, when the answer will be clearer. However, with the general election next year, the new chief ministers will have to hit the ground running. Socially, the three BJP satraps come from different backgrounds. Ms. Vasundhara Raje is a royalty, Ms. Uma Bharati is a sanyasin, and Mr. Raman Singh is a Thakur. All three depend on the Prime Minister for help and they know he will because the Lok Sabha elections are scheduled to be held next year.

Politically, the three enjoy the "feel good" factor at the moment. There is a general feeling of "let us give them a chance" attitude for the time being, which may not last for long. The honeymoon period is of about six months to a year. If the BJP chief ministers do not consolidate their position in this time, it’s going to be difficult for them as well as the party.

All the three chief ministers are new to administration although they have been Central Ministers in the past. After all, the number one position is always more difficult than that of being one of the many ministers. The new chief ministers will thus have a challenging task before them. The campaign, which was basically on governance and development, has raised the expectations of the people.

Take the case of Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Uma Bharati, which is the most difficult. She was a symbol of Hindutva although she did not utter a word about it during the campaign. She, of course, shared her victory with the sadhus. Never before had so many sadhus assembled to bless a chief minister at a swearing-in ceremony. It was a telling picture of saffron clad Ms. Bharati greeting the public soon after being sworn in as the Chief Minister at the Lal Parade ground in Bhopal.

Ms. Bharati has a few firsts to her credit. She is the first woman Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh as also the first to hold the office from a backward caste. She is also the first sanyasin in the country to become the ruler of a big State. If she is jubilant about her success, she also knows the problems of a caste-ridden State. She knows about the problems of administration and that she has to master the art of dealing with the bureaucracy. It is only through the babus that she can hope to deliver the goods.

First, Ms. Bharati does not have much time to produce results. She has made tall election promises about I bijli, sadak and pani (the B-S-P factor which led to the BJP’s victory). The aspirations of the people are high and their patience with the political class is low. She knows that she has to depend on both the Prime Minister and Finance Minister for support. The State is in the red. The basic issue is to find the money to pay salaries to the Government employees and also sort out the problem of overdraft. There are about 40,000 temporary Government employees and 5,000 teachers whom she has promised to regularise on becoming the Chief Minister. Where will she find the money from, with the precarious financial situation? Even if the Prime Minister and the Finance Minister agree to help her, where is the money even with the Centre? The NDA Government too is facing a resource gap. Therefore, raising finances within Madhya Pradesh too has to be explored.

The sanyasin’s next priority should be electricity. She has to make sure that her counterpart in Chhattisgarh provides power on a priority basis to ease the situation. In this, the Prime Minister could play a role in persuading Mr. Raman Singh to help Ms. Bharati. If she can do this in the first month, then people will develop some faith in her.

The third issue is of roads. Here again, Ms. Bharati has to depend on the Centre. She should make use of the Prime Minister’s Sadak Yojana for construction of bigger roads and highways while making sure their inter-connectivity is achieved through the State’s finances. Right now, many villages in Madhya Pradesh are not connected. The State Government can also make use of the Food For Work programme for payment of wages drawing from the excess grain stocks to deepen the village ponds and provide taps in villages. Other basic amenities like toilets too should be thought of. All this will have to be done with alacrity if the BJP wishes to retain its hold in Madhya Pradesh.

Ms. Bharati’s target appears to be 25 Lok Sabha seats out of the 29 in Madhya Pradesh, and this is quite ambitious. Her task is stupendous: Money, manpower, implementation, and the will to deliver. She also has to change her style of functioning and create a new image for herself as the Chief Minister. Politically, she has to strengthen herself and keep the flock together. Her rivals in the State like Ms. Sumitra Mahajan, Mr. Vikram Verma among others are waiting for her to fault. Ultimately, it all depends on the kind of team she builds and the advisers she chooses.

Then there is the Rajasthan Chief Minister, Ms. Vasundhara Raje. Ms. Raje is on a decidedly better wicket for various reasons. She too is the first woman to become the Chief Minister of Rajasthan, which is male dominated. Unlike Ms. Bharati, who is seen as moody and whimsical, Ms. Raje is perceived as a steady person. Her royal upbringing may also help her in dealing with the bureaucracy. Even as a Union Minister, Ms. Raje took pains to understand her subject. Although both were reluctant to move to State politics, it is a challenge before both to perform.

Ms. Vasundhara Raje too has to depend on the Centre for help if she wants to perform. Both the Prime Minister and the Finance Minister are better disposed towards her than they are towards Ms. Bharati. Ms. Raje has already begun well with a small Cabinet and may take time to expand it. Social engineering too has to be done very carefully. Caste is a very significant factor and her success would lie in carrying everybody together.

Politically, Ms. Raje will face the same problems as Ms. Bharati, as she has to keep her flock together which is not going to be easy. How many people can she satisfy through giving them positions, given the caste considerations in Rajasthan? Ms. Vasundhara Raje too has to concentrate on development and governance and make the people believe she means business. She has only a few months to do all this.As far as the Chhattisgarh Chief Minister, Mr. Raman Singh, is concerned, he has to first sort out the Ajit Jogi issue. Mercifully for Mr. Singh, the Congress has already dumped Mr. Jogi. Then he has to get elected to the Assembly. Being a Rajput, he also has to keep the dominant tribal population happy.

The Prime Minister has given the three the task of formulating a programme which can be completed in 100 days; he has also simultaneously stressed on their evolving long-term programmes. So it is time for work and performance in all the three BJP-ruled states. INAV

Government employees hijack elections

By Bharat Jhunjhunwala

Two issues have come to front in the recent elections of the five states. First issue is of priority between government expenditures on the social sectors and infrastructure. The people of Madhya Pradesh and Chhatisgarh have given a clear vote against social sector expenditures while the people of Delhi have given a clear vote in favour of infrastructure. This issue has been settled by the people correctly.

The people’s rejection of the Congress Government in Rajasthan, however, does no fit into this formula. That Government had given attention to infrastructure. Roads were improved in the cities and fountains were kept running. Privatization of power has been started. Power generation from wind and solar power has been initiated. The Government also made excellent organization of the distribution of famine relief. Then what is the reason that it did not get the votes?

There appears to have taken place a reaction to the State Government having broken the strike of the Government servants in the early period of its reign. At that time I had an occasion to travel through Rajasthan. The common man was in complete support of the Government on this issue. The public bore the hardships during the one month-plus strike silently. The government doctors started coming to the PHCs after the strike. Clerks started attending office regularly. People were happy with this situation.

The less than five percent votes of Government servants could not have swung the results in view of the positive impact on the ninety five percent people. It appears that the Congress Government unnecessarily developed cold feet half way through its term. It started trying to placate the government servants towards the last couple of years of its rule. In the process the goodwill that had been created in favour of the Government was cancelled out. The people will not like if the king seats the thief by his side after having punished him. Similarly the people did not like the Congress Government bending backwards to please the Government servants. The people wanted the strictness to continue. The placating was seen as a sellout. But the Government servants did not forgive the Congress and voted wholly against it.

The Congress Government also did not make fresh recruitments. This too was a step in the right direction given the precarious state of its finances. The Jats have a sizable presence among the present and prospective Government servants. Thus the approximately twenty percent Jats voted mostly against the Congress.

Some observers have reported that large numbers of votes were cast in the last hour of voting. It is possible that the Government employees manning the polling booths may have cast false votes. Be that as it may, it is sad that the Congress Government which took the much needed action against government servants has had face defeat. But the reason is not that it took strict action against the Government. Quite the contrary, the reason is that it was unable to take its action to its logical conclusion. It wobbled mid way. The Government servants came back with a vengeance just as the disease comes back if antibiotic treatment is stooped midway. The Government servants were not placated and they worked hard for the defeat of the Congress. The sympathy that was created among the people was lost because the government did not take its action to its logical conclusion. It should have asked the people to vote for the Congress so that strict action could be continued against the Government servants.

The people too are responsible for this unfortunate development. They have made it very difficult for any Government to take action against the Government servants who are bleeding the country not only by fat salaries and pensions but also corruption. Sooner or later some party will have to take up this holy crusade.

There are two economic issues that the people of the country should understand. The first issue was that priority should be given to Government expenditures on infrastructure. The people have given a clear and correct verdict on this issue. The second issue was that of the Government servants having become a burden on the economy. The pensions to the Government servants alone are equal to the total expenditure on the defense of the country. Nearly every state has gone bankrupt after they were given more that what the Fifth Pay Commission had recommended. The salaries of Government teachers alone are greater than the entire collection of sales tax in most states. This is in addition to the harassment that the people are subjected to. Even the files in the courts do not move unless the steno is paid bribe right before the Judge. Ultimately the people will have to understand that the Government servants are serving themselves rather than the people. The Congress had made the right moves in this direction but could not take it to their logical conclusion. The people should understand this dimension and vote for the Party which takes strict action against the Government servants in future.

Threat of Global warming

By Amit Verma

The presence of life on planet earth makes it unique among the comity of planets known. This life is sustained mainly by the presence and unique composition of its atmosphere. The atmosphere is not static but dynamic. Since the formation of the earth, it has changed a lot and evolved over millions of years with the evolution of life. Even today it is changing. Although these changes appear negligible when compared with the history of the earth, but are very prominent and important as far as their effect on the sustenance of human life is concerned.

Atmosphere acts as a blanket over the earth, protecting it from the hazardous effect of irradiation and maintaining the equilibrium of energy. It is made up of a mixture of gases, some of which have an important property of absorbing heat. During the daytime these receive the sunlight and warm along with the earth's surface and in night, emit back the radiation to atmosphere, thus getting cooler. But the atmosphere do not loose all the heat, thus keeping it warm which is very necessary for the survival of life. So our atmosphere acts the same way as a 'Green House (which is kept warm by the glass walls around it) and this phenomenon of keeping the atmosphere warm by holding some of the heat has been referred to as the Green House Effect and the gases of the atmosphere which contribute towards this effect are called as Green House Gases (GHG). These include Carbondioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Water vapours etc. But some gases like Chlorofluorocarbons Hydrofluorocarbons, Perfluorocarbons, Sulphur Hexafluoride, etc, have been added to the atmosphere by human activities.

In the recent decades it has been observed that the earth's atmosphere is getting warmer than the normal and this additional warming of the atmosphere has been given the name 'Global Warming'. The phrase 'Global Warming' is drawing a lot of attention of the international community including politicians and becoming quite familiar among the masses. A debate over it has already started all over the world regarding the cause behind it. Human activities are considered more or less responsible for this phenomenon. The rapid increase in the consumption of Hydrocarbons and Halocarbons for the industrial and domestic purposes have increased the concentration of the GHG in the atmosphere. This has altered the natural balance of the heat in the atmosphere resulting in the rise of temperature. This additional heat in the atmosphere has been referred to as the Extended Greenhouse Effect. So in response to this warming, various environmental problems like increase in the sea level due to the melting of the polar ice caps and glaciers, acid rain, increased cloudiness at higher altitudes, sudden floods, droughts, increased coldness and hotness have surfaced up.

CO2 is the most important of the GHG whose concentration is increasing at an alarming rate in the atmosphere due to the human impacts. It has contributed about 70 percent towards the enhanced greenhouse effect. It is continuously being added up in the atmosphere by the burning of the fossil fuels like petroleum, coal, natural gas etc. Deforestation also releases the carbon stored in the plants in the form of Carbondioxide and carbonmonoxide (CO).

Methane another GHG, contributes about 24 percent of the enhanced greenhouse effect. It is also called as the 'Marsh Gas' as it can be seen bubbling out in marshes. The sources related to human activities include leakages a from gas pipelines, oil wells, rice fields, decaying rubbish etc. It has been seen that although the concentration of CH4 is less than the Co2 in atmosphere, but its greenhosue effect is 7.5 times more than that of CO2. Nitrous Oxide is the culprit for the rest of six percent enhanced greenhouse effect. The exact sources are not well identified but chemical industries, deforestation and agricultural practices do play a role in its addition to the atmosphere. Manmade chemicals like CFCs, PFCs, HFCs SF6 etc. are also on the rise. These not only contribute to the greenhouse effect but also deplete the protective Ozone layer in the atmosphere.

With the changing concentrations of the different games in the atmosphere, the heart balance is also shifting. According to some analysts, the change in the earth's mean temperature will be visible by 2050 when the temperature will increase by 1.5 to 4.5 degree centigrade. These changes will be least in Tropics but maximum at the Poles. Countries like Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Siberia, Alaska etc. will be among the most affected. The melting of the polar ice caps will result in the increase of sea level by approximately 5 metres threatening thickly populated cities of San Francisco and Shanghai. According to some scientists, even India's annual monsoon may even cease altogether. Apart from the rising sea level which will inundate the coastal regions, the world will also witness a change in the agricultural regions and patterns. Added heat stress, shifting monsoons and drier soils may reduce yield in the tropics and subtropics whereas increased rains and longer growing seasons may boost yield in temperate regions like Europe and North America. Biodiversity will be threatened. New conditions will emerge that will lead to the extinction of many species who won't be able to adapt quickly to rapid climate change. Even the hydrological cycle will get affected. The frequency and severity of the heat waves will increase causing more deaths and illness, more damage to the crops, more forest fires and more pressure on the water supplies. Effect may include shifting of the tourist destinations.

There is another school of thought for this changing climate due to global warming. A section of scientists donot believe the global warming to be threatening. According to them it will lead to more evaporation of water from the oceans and other bodies and thus to more precipitation.

The greater clouds can decrease the incoming solar radiation to the earth's surface lowering the temperature. The increased precipitation will restore the continental glaciers and overall this will lead to a decreasing rather than increasing sea level. It will also enhance the growth of vegetation, crops and forests and also increase the food supplies. Even some others thinks of it as a natural process the earth's atmosphere is undergoing. The warm and cool periods have been a part of the past atmospheric changes and the present climatic shift can be a part of that natural cycle. According to some scientists, the measurements of rising CO2 and rising temperatures do not coincide.

So there are still many debates and absolutely no consensus among the world scientists about the global warming. There are doubts over the validity of the scientific knowledge on global warming. Many scientists claim that there is dearth of data to suggest that the human activities are altering the temperature on earth. However majority of the scientists agree that global warming is a fact and it is occurring.

This has raised a question of concern. The effects to control the global warming by cutting down the emissions of greenhouse gases have paced up. It was way back in 1979 when the first World Climatic Conference recognised the climatic change as a serious problem. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change (PCC) was established in 1988 by the World Meteorologial Organisation (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to preview the State of knowledge about human induced climate change and to assess the possible response which published its first assessment report in 1990 to be adopted at the Earth Summit at Rio De Janeiro when over 160 countries signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It set the agenda for action to slow and stabilise climate change. The IPCC's second assessment report in 1995 explicitly linked the issue of global warming to anthropogenic emission of GHG's. In 1997 Kyoto Protocol was adopted in which countries agreed to cut the emission of GHG's especially CO2, CH4 and N2O. The treaty sets a goal for 38 developed and industrialised countries to reduce their combined GHG's emission by 5.2 percent below 1990 levels between the years 2008 and 2012. But the abondoning of the Kyoto Protocol by the United States in 2001 has left the treaty in half way.

So if the observations and calculations of IPCC are correct, humans will contribute to the changing climate in the future and even if the IPCC happens to be wrong, the change will still continue. The only option left to the human beings to adapt according to it.

 
 



|
home | state | national | business | editorial | advertisement | sports |
|
international | weather | mailbag | suggestions | search |
subscribe | send mail |