EDITORIAL

Farooq for war

How so dovish one may be, it is difficult to fault Farooq Abdullah's logic of mounting a war on Pakistan. As the Chief Minister of the State that has been the primary focus of Pakistan's cruel calculations, he has a good reason too. Pakistan has been sponsoring terrorism in the State for the last more than a decade. The international world may or may not find it in its strategic interest to accept this truth, but this State and nation has been experiencing that truth at the first hand, they have been instigating the youth of this State, have been luring them across the border and sending them back armed to the teeth and sworn to wage war on this State and nation. When those youth, or some of the outfits to which they had been aligned, expressed the slightest doubts, their support in arms and finances was cut down and new groups faithful to the Pak agenda were fashioned. We need no international court or CIA leaks to tell us that; we know it all for a fact. The details of men, arms and monies that were sent, or subsequently curtailed or diverted, can be enquired on any street in Srinagar... ...more

Preferring PSUs

Not only is this nation seen as a cake to be parceled and gulped down, but that notion is being sought to be enforced as a matter of right! The latest instance is the criticism that has been mounted upon the Union Government's....more


A View Point
Is POTA an answer
to terrorism?

By Thakur Baldev Singh

POTO i.e. Prevention of Terror-ism Ordinance of 24th Oct, 2001, became POTA (Prevention of Terrorism Act) after is was passed by the joint session of the two houses of Parliament. The way it was passed shows how divided the country was on the issue.....more

Nuclear radiation:
Myth and reality

By Dr. K.S. Parthasarathy

The words 'radiation' and 'radioactivity' excite many. In nuclear and radiation-related matters such as radioactive waste management, imaginary and real effects of radiation, impact of nuclear accidents and status of nuclear power, and myths cloud the reality....more

Panchayats at
cross roads

By Malladi Rama Rao

In the Indian context, ten years is too short a period to make any assess-ment of any scheme that has a wide reach. More so, in these days of weak centre and strong states. Unlike in the good old past, Delhi, today cannot dare threaten the states with punitive action for failure to follow its diktats. It can only fret and fume whether it is a State like Andhra Pradesh.........more

EDITORIAL

Farooq for war

How so dovish one may be, it is difficult to fault Farooq Abdullah's logic of mounting a war on Pakistan. As the Chief Minister of the State that has been the primary focus of Pakistan's cruel calculations, he has a good reason too. Pakistan has been sponsoring terrorism in the State for the last more than a decade. The international world may or may not find it in its strategic interest to accept this truth, but this State and nation has been experiencing that truth at the first hand, they have been instigating the youth of this State, have been luring them across the border and sending them back armed to the teeth and sworn to wage war on this State and nation. When those youth, or some of the outfits to which they had been aligned, expressed the slightest doubts, their support in arms and finances was cut down and new groups faithful to the Pak agenda were fashioned. We need no international court or CIA leaks to tell us that; we know it all for a fact. The details of men, arms and monies that were sent, or subsequently curtailed or diverted, can be enquired on any street in Srinagar.

Thousands of messages intercepted by the army and police of this State tell of how the terrorists 'in the field' are being asked to carry out their subversive, disruptive and divisive agendas to undermine this State and the nation. From the burning of Charar shrine to the attack on the Raghunath temple, is one interminable list of desecrating the places of worship and reverence in this State, to consign this State to a communal conflagration. So far more than thirty thousand people of this State and nation have been killed because of these terrorists trained, aided and goaded by the Pak agencies, authorities and people. Lakhs of Indians today are living as refugees in their own State and nation because of these Pakistani ravages. Is any of that excusable or forgettable? In fact, each one of these acts is a complete reason, a full justification, for declaring a full-scale war on Pakistan, smoking out the terrorists hiding there and ensuring that we live in peace without interference by any body on any pretext. That indeed is the first privilege of every sovereign State; it is the first duty of every Government, every nation to ensure that nobody dares to mess with its unity, integrity or sovereignty.

Even a slight hint that anybody, any nation is planning so is enough reason for war. But here is a nation that is not only sleeping over outrages on its sovereignty and people, but apparently is trying to barter desecration of the symbols of its nationhood. India is convinced that it was Pakistani agencies-official authorized agencies of Pakistan -- that were abetting the people despoiling it. It is trying to convince other countries. Not many of them are skeptical about its claims, either. Yet she would not take the action these activities call for. Here Farooq's allusion to Israeli reaction is both apt and opportune. How so valid the Palestinian cause may be, it does not allow them to become terrorists and kill innocent civilians. Pakistan has no cause, no grievance. She has only an agenda of hate and has been wrecking it upon India. Can that justify a silence how so golden silence may be? Can it justify a pacifist attitude especially when restraint over the last thirteen years has only made Pakistan more belligerent? What is the huge build up on the border for, if it is not to ensure that the enemy mends its ways? If she, doesn't there are few other options. And Pakistan has not mended her ways, not even padded its rhetoric. If army and war are not correct this intransigence, what are they for. And how do nations protect their beings and honour? It is not Farooq's war, but India's war that Farooq is asking for.

Preferring PSUs

Not only is this nation seen as a cake to be parceled and gulped down, but that notion is being sought to be enforced as a matter of right! The latest instance is the criticism that has been mounted upon the Union Government's decision to extend the purchase preference policy for PSUs for another two years. The policy only stipulates that Government would give preference to the public sector units in purchases it has to make. Thus in case of open bids if the bid by the public sector undertaking exceeds that entered by a private agency by 10%, the PSU would be given the opportunity to equal the highest private bid and take the contract at the rate the highest private bidder has offered. PSUs are not like other concerns. They, for one, are Government's own enterprises. They deserve a preference of treatment at the hands of the Government. The Government has invested money, public money, in those concerns and it has a right to see that those concerns succeed. Handing the contract to the Government agency at lower bids may be seen as unequal, but it is only just if Government asks the PSU to do it at the lowest/highest rates offered.

Would a private concern entertain an outsider, another private concern for example, to take the contract, if it has a subsidiary or a sister concern willing to do the work at the same rate offered by the outsider party. In most of the cases, the private concern would just not call tenders, would not invite outside operatives. Why should the Government not encourage the units in which it has invested, where it has a stake? Then, the PSUs are not mere concerns. They have a strong social component. They employ large numbers of people, most of the times disproportionate to the workload. They have been engaged with a social aim, not the profit motive. There is a national, a people's interest in seeing the public sector undertaking prosper and remaining viable. Privatization is meant to be an entrepreneurial incentive not an invitation to partition away the public cake.

A View Point
Is POTA an answer to terrorism?

By Thakur Baldev Singh

POTO i.e. Prevention of Terror-ism Ordinance of 24th Oct, 2001, became POTA (Prevention of Terrorism Act) after is was passed by the joint session of the two houses of Parliament. The way it was passed shows how divided the country was on the issue.

A TADA bitten, Emergency stricken and bitten by other laws the public has been very much frightened by POTO. Perhaps considering it to be much worse than the earlier preventive laws of the like nature and the like purpose.

Whether it is productive or unproductive, a bear or bug bear, a counter weight or counter feit, a functional or non functional, can be judged with a patient and objective study of terrorism, its causes and remedies.

There are different kinds of terrorism; Regional, Race, Religion, Oppressed caste, creed, colour, poverty, economic depression, State Terrorism Expansionist tendency, Cross-caste battling.

Terrorism is a world phenomenon and a very old phenomenon. Even before the inclamation of Lord Rama, State terrorism was there, Parshuram Ji took bold step against terrorism. Lord Rama acted against Ravana for his terrorism. Even today Sri Lanka is facing the same terrorism. Kans was there before the birth of Lord Krishana.

No province in India is without terrorism. For instance Charar-e-Sharief, Ayodhya even the other day, Bodh Gaya was not spared. What is happening today on the holy land of Lord Christ, who laid down his life while opposing terrorism on the tenet "God loves those who love others". In early 50's Adolf Hitler of Germany, Masoulini of Italy and King of Japan were known for their big terror. First two were believers in Christianity and the third was a believe in Buddhism. The U.S.A. can take credit in killing its presidents like Ibrahim Lincoln. John F. Kennedy and recently John Walker citizen of his country and a fan follower of bin Laden fought in Afghanistan. This country as an ally of the British empire when the Japanese were on high pitch of terrorism, used Atomic Bomb at Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6th and 8th August, 1945 respectively, considered to be the biggest catastrophe of the world and is nothing short of a terrorist act. Those today who have been advocating UN resolutions concerning the Kashmir issue (a national issue of International importance) have shown utter disregard of them by handing over considerable portion of 'Jammu and Kashmir' to China (a permanent member of UNO) and are encouraging terrorism. 1373 resolution of UNO empowers a country to fight terrorism anywhere in the world is again a violation in the spirit of UNO charter. Thus keeping terrorism alive, terrorism may go on exile for sometime. It may be hospitalised, it may subside, may keep aside but cannot die. A tall claim made by politicians that they will uproot terrorism or crush it, I think, is beyond their power.

The USA has long standing hidden desire to sit over somewhere in Kashmir or Kabul for her own interest. If Russia, China and India cooperate, they would certainly dislodge her from such a position. The other day President of Pakistan has very candidly stated that Kashmir issue is in their blood and they will continue supporting Kashmiri people morally, diplomatically and politically. Thus indirectly encouraging the Kashmiri people towards terrorism. It is a pity that nobody asked Pakistan if she is sincere enough for a plebiscite and vacate Pak Occupied Kashmir and handover it to the Government of Jammu and Kashmir so as to prepare a list of subject of the State for the said purpose. Nor do the people of the State ask Pakistan to do the same. It is also duty of Pakistan to ask China to vacate the area of the State so as to hand over it to Jammu and Kashmir Government for the purpose in question. A sit together is simply a sermon, a beaten track and not a solution. The only solution is implementation of United Nations Resolution, entitling the people of Kashmir to join either side of the domination as discussed above, without third option.

POTA is not a solution:- In October last on the Parliament session and in violation of long standing convention of Parliament, in a strange manner Govt. suddenly declared that there has arisen a grave danger concerning the security of the State i.e. Sarkar and disintegration of the country, approached the President with a proposed drastic ordinance for its promulgating as an emergency measure. The President as, an constitutional obligation, issued the promulgation. POTA with specialities like blind in nature, hypnotic in nature, no reason in any season, behaves like dear, drives us like dumb driven cattle, keeps on timid and tame, makes you flabby all the times, there is not to reason why but to do and die.

The promulgation of the ordinance implies that present political system has failed and the laws like Disturbed Areas Act; Army special Powers Act; Public Act, IPC Cr. PC and many other penal laws to maintain the security of the State have failed to protect the State necessitating for such an ordinance.

There are many flaws in POTA but for the present discussion we may refer only section 3 (i) and section 32 (i) and section 51, leaving the rest for some other occasion.

Section 51 Sub Section (3):- Is vague and void. It violates article 22 of the Indian Constitution, which provides that the arrested person is entitled to have an Advocate of his choice and must be a practicing advocate on criminal side. This has been omitted in section 51 (3) in letter and spirit. It is also against the direction of the Supreme Court that he relatives must know the grounds of arrest and offence thereof.

Section 32 (i):- The confession before a Superintendent of Police (SP) by way of tape recording or voice recording, is admissible as a piece of evidence, and the same is not to be displayed before a Magistrate. In a District it is the privilege of an SP to prosecute or not to prosecute a person and prosecutors of the district are under the SP. If a statement before an SP is admissible, nobody will go unpunished. It amounts to a Police Raj. Every accused in such a case is at the mercy of the police.

Section 3:- Of the Ordinance says whosoever.

(a) With intent to threaten the unity, integrity, security or sovereignty of India or ................. Section 3 of the ordinance gives us to consider two aspects to look into i.e. the legality and constitutionality.

There are two classes of terrorist (i) to kill but not be killed and (ii) The other spirit is to die to kill as is very much prevalent today. The POTA may cause some effect to those who are for to kill but not to be killed but it cannot have the least affect on those who are bent to die to kill.

Unproductive POTA

We have just considered constitutional and legal aspect of POTO. Now we consider the political aspect of the ambitious POTA. On the working side POTA feel shy to travel beyond cease fire line, though Pak Occupied Kashmir is a part of Jammu and Kashmir and an integral part of the country as per the constitution of State and Constitution of India. In furtherance to all this, Parliament of the country by a unanimous resolution sought to get Pak Occupied Kashmir back and claim made by the Prime Minister of the country to have PoK area back. As there is no methodology in POTO to have the same with all its sincerity to maintain the sovereignty and integrity of the country, POTA blushes. Resulting thereby the integrity of the country being shaky. The acceptance of Cease Fire Line as dividing line, as a solution is also belying the oath taken by ministers at the Centre and the States. All this appears to be a formality only.

Solution :- War is not a solution. The build up on the border may be a persuasive, coercive, diplomacy is understandable but it is very very costly affair and the country cannot afford this luxury at this time.

War period is a preparation towards peace and peace period, a preparation towards war. Since we have this war since long on Kashmir issue, can be done away with open mind without reservations. Implementation of United Nations Resolution entitling the people of Kashmir to join either side of the dominion as discussed above, is the only way out.

Essential elements of humanism can certainly put a halt to terrorism. For instance a thing you don't wish for yourself, don't wish for others. Otherwise wrath of the people, if it comes to action, humbles and tumbles the crowns, Czar of Russia, Chiang Kai Shek of China, Kings of Iran and Afghanistan, and recently President of Argentina are the few instances. Some terrorists of yesterday are rulers of today, and terrorists of today may be rulers of tomorrow. The whole game is to remain in the power or to retain power and correspondingly to gain power, somehow or the other. We have tried to place both the sides of the POTO coin before the public of the country, to judge, if the ordinance can serve the purpose, for which it stand.

(The author is a former MP)

Nuclear radiation: Myth and reality

By Dr. K.S. Parthasarathy

The words 'radiation' and 'radioactivity' excite many. In nuclear and radiation-related matters such as radioactive waste management, imaginary and real effects of radiation, impact of nuclear accidents and status of nuclear power, and myths cloud the reality.

In 1986, a famous author wrote that according to some nuclear scientists nuclear waste could be stored safely in "glass vessels". They assured him that the glass vessels would not break for 100 or 1000 years. His article titled "The Superstitious" appeared in a popular Malayalam weekly. I suspect that those "nuclear scientists" did not know the technology of vitrification - the process in which nuclear waste is added as ingredients to glass - thereby making it virtually nonleachable. He may still believe in the myth.

Around the same time, an eminent retired judge with strong antinuclear views repeated the same wrong notion about storing nuclear waste in glass vessels at a meeting held in Mumbai. I tried in vain to explain.

Last week, my colleague working in USA asked me whether Geiger counters are banned in India (with regard to ownership by NGOs). A retired Admiral of the Indian Navy is reported to have told so during a lecture at an American University. He claimed that Government of India is trying to hide the fact that Indian nuclear power plants leak radioactive material from time to time. Government does not want people to know about it! So it banned the use of Geiger counters! I corrected the myth and send a list of companies selling Geiger countries in India.

Yet another amusing myth I heard recently is that the Indian Atomic Energy Act is a secret! The Web site of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (www.aerb.gov.in) contains the text of the Act.

In 1991, Karan Thapar, the popular TV journalist, interviewed me on his "Eye Witness" video magazine programme. In the ensuring controversy, he dismissed my factual statement that no genetic effects were found among the thousands of children born to the atomic bomb survivors at Hiroshima and Nagasaki as "inexplicable".

I do not blame him. An AERB survey revealed that over eighty percent of the participants from reputed academic and research institutions in India (IITs at Bombay and Kanpur, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Roorkee University, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Calcutta, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Bombay) believe that genetic effect is the major health effect seen in the children of survivors of atomic bombings contrary to the fact.

In 1995, a small amount of radioactive cesium leaked from the waste Immobilization Plant at Tarapur. It should not have happened. Media went to town with farfetched stories. A leading daily published the photograph of the skeletal remains of cattle beside the story of the "leak".

I was there when villagers brought a dead calf. I requested a post-mortem; veterinarians scooped up several kilograms of thin polythene sheets from its stomach. This is the major cause of cattle deaths in many parts of India. No one published this part of the radioactive leak story!

There is a popular myth that not enough is known about the health effects of radiation. In fact it is one of the most lavishly funded topics. Many national and international agencies support the studies. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) issues timely reviews. The International Commission on Radiological Protection uses these reviews to make recommendations on safe uses of radiation. Based on these recommendations, regulatory agencies assign dose limits to radiation workers. If these dose limits are enforced, no extra risk is to be expected from radiation work. Every country implements this system which is unique to occupation radiation exposure.

The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station shook the confidence of the public. It caused widespread dislocations in food supply in the affected regions. Large-scale evacuation of populations had severe social impact.

One of the myths about the accident was that 15,000 to 30,000 persons died due to the mishap. According to the UNSCEAR, 28 persons died in the first three months and another two soon afterwards. The number of thyroid cancers (about 1800) in individuals exposed in childhood in Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine is considerably greater than expected based on previous knowledge. The high incidence and short induction period are unusual. Other factors may be influencing the risk. If the current trend continues, additional thyroid cancers may occur.

A conference supported by World Health Organization (WHO) at Vienna in 1996 noted that the thyroid cancers among children appear to respond favourably to standard treatment. Till 1995, three out of 800 children who suffered have died of this disease. Obviously, health agencies must follow up the affected children to establish adequate therapy.

Other than these, UNSCEAR did not see any evidence of a major public health impact attributable to radiation exposure. There was no scientific evidence of increases in overall cancer incidence or death or in non-malignant disorders that could be related to radiation exposure. The risk of leukemia does not appear to be elevated, not even among the workers who participated in the recovery work. The committee also did not observe proof for other non-cancerous disorders that are related to radiation exposure. But psychological reactions due to fear of radiation were widespread.

Nuclear critics believe that nuclear technology is dying. They say that the process started in 1979 with the accident at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Station and was complete in 1986 with the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station.

It is true that USA did not issue licence to any new nuclear power plant after 1979. But electric companies connected 50 out of the currently operating 104 nuclear power reactors in USA to the grid since then; nineteen of these after 1986. Canadian companies connected all the fourteen currently operating reactors in Canada to the grid after 1979. Fifty-three out of 59 French reactors came on line after 1979.

Nuclear power, which accounts for sixteen percent of global electricity, is a reality. No new reactors are licensed in western countries. Countries such as Germany and Sweden want to phase out nuclear power over the next 30 years or so. But they do not have any effective substitute so far.

Nuclear technology is a not a simple technology. It is unforgiving at its current state of development. Hence we have stringent safety requirements for siting, design, construction, commissioning and operation of nuclear facilities. Nuclear designers use defence-in-depth philosophy. They improve the reliability of safety systems by redundancy and diversity. Government sets up the regulatory agency, which enforces safety provisions as legally, administratively and financially independent of the agency that promotes the activity. It also ensures that well-rehearsed emergency plans are in place to take care of accidents, if they occur. Recent developments indicate a renaissance for nuclear power. The new family of reactors will be inherently safe. Still many myths may continue to cloud the reality.

Panchayats at cross roads

By Malladi Rama Rao

In the Indian context, ten years is too short a period to make any assess-ment of any scheme that has a wide reach. More so, in these days of weak centre and strong states. Unlike in the good old past, Delhi, today cannot dare threaten the states with punitive action for failure to follow its diktats. It can only fret and fume whether it is a State like Andhra Pradesh where a friendly party is in power or whether it is a State like Bihar, where no body dares to question the Laloo rules of the game.

So much so, it is a nothing short of a miracle that life has been breathed into our panchayat system and that there are 496 panchayats at the district level, 5,905 at the block level and 2,30,762 at the village level. This makes India the world's largest functioning democracy despites the shades of anarchy. The panchayats have thrown up a new generation of goross root leaders- an estimated 34 lakh elected representatives. Of them, 10 lakh are women, 3.64 lakh belong to scheduled castes and 2.59 lakhs are from the scheduled tribes.

A little more than a decade ago, just before the National Front interregnum, when Rajiv Gandhi talked passionately about reviving Panchayati Raj, there were few takers for his cause. He was made fun off, in fact. Since, he was being battered by the Bofors scam, it was said, he would like to get rehabilitated as Sarpanch of Patparganj, a stone's throw from the Red Fort, across the Yamuna. He is no more. Patparganj is no longer a village adjoining an urban conglomeration. It is a concrete jungle, home to many multi-storey group housing societies.

Credit for translating the 'panchayat raj vision' into a constitutional reality should go to the ''Insider'' Narasimha Rao. This is one of the many achievements of his period.

Surprisingly, he didn't get the credit, neither then nor now, when the Vajpayee Government is championing the Panchayat cause.

Well, for that matter, he did not get credit for the economic reforms, despite 'his role of a mid wife' in ushering them. The 'Madrasi Chanakya' has his image inexorably linked with Chandraswami and 'votes for money' scandal . Probably, history will not be unkind to him.

The point is the tenacious behind the scenes effort Rao and his colleagues made helped in giving constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj bodies. The Constitution 73rd amendment has given a new meaning to local self-rule concept and empowered the village community to take their own decisions and implement them. Decentralised planning is no longer a myth propagated by idle egg-heads in air-conditioned conference halls. It is a reality with all the ifs and buts that are characteristic of India.

'Gram Vikas will truly become a reality when the rural masse are fully aware of the programmes and participate in shaping the destiny of their villages', says M Venkaiah Naidu, the minister for rural development. He is right. But how to go about the task? Naid is presiding over the richest Central ministry outside the Finance and Defence. All his funds are routed through the State government agencies. The question is not how much of this money is reaching the tail-end. The question is whether any money is reaching the end users.

The constitution envisages a key role for the Panchayat system in relation to 29 subjects mentioned in the 11th schedule-primary education, primary health, agriculture, rural housing, drinking water et al. Apart from transfer of power, transfer of personnel and resources is necessary for effective implementation. Several states have transferred the 'powers' in varying degrees. Many states have placed their staff concerned at the disposal of the panchayats too. But funds and financial autonomy are still a mirage.

Venkaiah Naidu calls it a 3 D problem- devolution of functions, devolution of functionaries and devolution of funds and financial autonomy. You may call it a problem of 4Fs. End result is same; because he can do precious little unless the states bestir themselves into action.

Constitution, as it stands today, is very clear. Art 243 H vests power in the State governments to authorise panchayats to levy, collect, and appropriate taxes, duties, tolls and fees; assign taxes, duties, tolls and fees collected by the States to the panchayats, provide grants- in-aid to the panchayats from the consolidated Fund of the States; provide for 'constitution of such funds for Panchayats for creating all money received by or on behalf of the Panchayats and also for the withdrawl of such money there from'.

The very next provision in the Constitution Art 243-I provides for constitution of a state finance commission every five years to review the financial position of the panchayats and to suggest assignment of taxes and duties to the panchayats.

Before we examine the ground reality, let us be realistic in our expectations. Let us also remember that the Panchayati Raj with its three tier structure has created a rival centre of power down the line from the district level. This has serious implications for the political system. Even without split verdicts, which have become the norm these days.

The local legislator is finding his role greatly diminished. The practice of making a minister in charge of a district (District Ministers?) has created a 'super magnate'. And this minister virtually overshadows all other functionaries in the district-official and non-officials. More over, he is in a position to dole out patronage.

The reluctance (call it failure) of the states to share with the panchayats their powers and finances is primarily on account of the new pyramid that has come up in recent past in most states due to political exigencies. Interestingly, in the on-going political discourse in the country, there is reluctance to identify this fault line and find a way out. Unfortunate.

Now, the other reality on the ground. Some states like Gujarat, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh have adopted an interesting route in the matter of devolution of powers. They did transfer the staff that deal with the works entrusted to panchayats but did not completely place them under panchayat control. Only instructions to keep them with the Panchayats were issued.

Not all states have transferred the funds for the subjects devolved upon panchayats. There is a reluctance to take on board the elected leaders of the village. For most states the line of communication ends with the district panchayat (Zilla Parishad) and its standing committees. And they appear to repose trust in the Block Development Officer (BDO), whom C Rajagopalachari, Rajaji, once described as Back (yard) Development Officer.

Kerala and Punjab have allowed panchayats to spend upto Rs 1 lakh. In Madhya Pradesh they can take up works costing upto Rs 3 lakhs without any outside clearance. The Marxists in Bengal, who have used panchayats to consolidate their hold on the rural vote, have set no limit on fund usage.

The Kerala Government has allocated 40 per cent of the planning funds to the three tier panchayat as consolidated funds. This enables them to formulate their plans in accordance with their requirements.

Bihar, Orissa, Rajasthan, Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim have provided for collection of some taxes and arrears by the panchayats. Interestingly, it is not a mandatory provision but optional exercise Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Kerala, Tamilnadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal have made optional the levy of taxes assigned to the second tier namely Mandal Panchayat.

Some like Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh have denied the Mandal Panchayats the power to levy taxes. Some 12 states- Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra including have assigned to their district panchayat (the third tier, also known as Zilla Parishad) the power to augment their resources. But these powers are made optional.

The sum and substance of the ground reality is that there is awareness about the necessity and utility of these bodies. There is also an 'awareness' not to allow them to grow. The orphan, more often than not is the middle tier, the Mandal Panchayat. Yes, this is a political reality.

Only a strong political will can solve the problem. And it must be displayed by the Centre. Right now, the Centre is content with delivering homilies. Because it, itself, is a victim of split verdicts and is content with a holding operation. Our friend, Venkaiah Naidu doesn't share this conclusion, though.

Well, he has a right to disagree with my prognosis. But can he deny there is precious little to show even after holding the largest ever conclave of Panchayat Presidents (the Panchayat Adhyakshas' Sammelan) in the capital.

Yes, Naidu has managed to bring Panchayats to the centre stage of political discourse. It is no longer a question of holding elections once in five years. There is no way states can postpone the elections. Now, the question is how to make the panchayats vibrant. It is indeed a 3D problem- democracy, decentralisation and development.

-Syndicate Features

 
 



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