Various organisations
condemn Govt for
invoking ESMA

Excelsior Correspondent

JAMMU, Jan 16: Various employees organisations have pledged to continue their ongoing strike and remain united in fighting.....more

Employees hold
meetings at Kathua

Excelsior Correspondent

KATHUA, Jan 16: The members of Employees Joint Action Committee in a meeting today said that the.....more

Civil Defence camp held

Excelsior Correspondent

JAMMU, Jan 16: An Awareness Camp of Civil Defence was organised at Alexander Memorial High School.....more

Cong leaders flay
Farooq led Govt

Excelsior Correspondent

UDHAMPUR, Jan 16: The prominent Congress leaders of Udhampur district have strongly condemned the National Conference....more

Blooming Flowers School
celebrates annual day

Excelsior Correspondent

KATHUA, Jan 16: The Blooming Flowers Public School Kathua celebrated its annual day on Friday.....more

line

Campus Jottings ‘Internet’
JU Deptts become
internet-savvy

Much desired Internet facilities have started reaching the different departments of the University of Jammu with its main junction being at MCA Block......more

BJP resents delay
in CID reports
of Valley workers

Excelsior Correspondent

JAMMU, Jan 16: Bharatiya Janata Party state unit general secretary, Mr Bhagwat Saroop has said that some so called leaders, claiming......more

Employees demand
white paper on
financial crunch

Excelsior Correspondent

R S PURA, Jan 16: The government employees staged massive protest demonstration in the town here on Saturday and demanded......more

Ousted DCC chiefs ask
Aslam to honour High
Command order

Excelsior Correspondent

JAMMU, Jan 16: The ousted district presidents of Pradesh Congress -I have taken strong exception of Pradesh Congress......more

We have what you want at IndianGoodsOnline.Com
The best products from a name you can trust.

EJAC Vijaypur block condemns Govt action ....

Kathua working Press members form new body....

Congress workers take pledge to work for national unity, integrity ....

Peer Panchal holds meet....

The students of Blooming Flowers.
The students of Blooming Flowers.

Various organisations condemn Govt for invoking ESMA

Excelsior Correspondent

JAMMU, Jan 16: Various employees organisations have pledged to continue their ongoing strike and remain united in fighting for their demands.

These organisations have also condemned the State Government for invoking ESMA and demanded immediate steps to release the employee leaders.

Confederation of J&K Employees Association, the constituent of J&K Employees Joint Action Committee (JKEJAC) in a meeting held here under the chairmanship of Mr G L Chanda, took a serious view of the decision of the Chief Minister Dr Farooq Abdullah in invoking ESMA.

In a statement here, he cautioned the employees to remain united so as to force the Government in meeting the demands of the employees.

Legislative Assembly Employees Steering Committee spokesmen Messrs Mohd Sadiq Shah and Nazir Makhdoomi in a joint statement here, condemned the Government for imposing " No wages" rule in the State. They said that the decision to invoke ESMA was most rigid approach on part of the administration.

Judicial Employees Welfare Association State President Mr K R Bali in a statement here said that the Government functionaries have themselves put the Government into the financial crunch and there was no scope to withheld the due wages and arrears of the striking employees.

All Retired KP Employees of Civil Secretariat and other Moving/Non-Moving Departments Welfare Association Jammu in a meeting held under the chairmanship of Mr J L Kaul condemnend the step taken by the State Government in invoking ESMA in Jammu and Kashmir without any reason, rather than looking into the grievances of the employees. The Association demanded immediate release of the employee leaders.

Mr Ashok Kumar , President Power workers Association in a statement here, condemned the lathicharge, tear-gassing and firing in air on the striking employees who are demanding the fulfillment of their genuine demands. He said that the so-called financial crunch is due to the misdeeds of the State bureaucracy as all the Centrally allocated funds have been diverted for the non-plan expenditure.

An emergency meeting of J&K United School Teachers Association was held today under the chairmanship of Mr S P Kesar, wherein the Association demanded immediate steps to look into the grievances of the striking employees.

The PHE Workers Welfare Association general secretary Mr Subash Chander in a statement here asked the Government to stop the harassment of EJAC leaders. The Association also demanded immediate steps to release the employee leaders.

Muslim Federation Jammu has strongly condemned the State Government for not acceeding to the demands of the State Government employees. The Federation also condemned the " excesses" committed on the employees during their peaceful protests.

Mr Hans Raj Chargotra , vice president of State BSP unit has condemned the anti-employee attitude of the State Government and demanded immediate steps to hold negotiations with the striking employees.

Bahujan Employees Federation in a meeting held under the chairmanship of OP Suraj expressed serious concern over the fate of the striking employees and asked the Government to hold early negotiations so as to put an end to the present tangle.

Akhil Bharatiya Vidhyarthi Parishad (ABVP) in a meeting held here today, condemned the arrest of the striking employee leaders and demanded immediate solution of genuine demands of the employees.

Youth Services and Sports Filed Staff Association president Shiv Nandan has condemned the Government for imvoking ESMA. In a statement here, he said that afterall the employees are demanding nothing except DA and second installment of their pay arrears.

Ex-Chairman Joint Action Committee R S Pura and President BEd Pupils Association held a meeting here wherein the State Government was condemned for invoking ESMA.

Janata Dal(Secular) State Office Bearers held a meeting here to take stock of the situation in the State arising out of the employees’ strike. The meeting which was chaired by party president , Mr Dhan Raj Bargotra condemned the use of ESMA against striking employees. It was pointed out that the same amounted to the curtailment of the trade upon rights of the employees.

An emergency meeting of All J&K Diploma Engineers Association was held here under the chairmanship of Mr R S Jasrotia wherein the members strongly condemned the action of the State Government for arresting EJAC leaders and imposing ESMA on the State employees. The Association also flayed the Government for lathiharge on the peaceful demonstration. It was appealed to the Government to find an amicable solution so as to put an end to the harassment being caused to the lakhs of employees in the State.

Employees hold meetings at Kathua

Excelsior Correspondent

KATHUA, Jan 16: The members of Employees Joint Action Committee in a meeting today said that the strike launched by them will continue till their demands will met with.

Addressing newspersons here today they alleged that the Chief Minister Dr Farooq Abdullah was out to dodge 3.56 lakh employees by imposing ESMA and No work No pay etc. The EJAC leaders namely Master Mulkh Raj, Ch Mohinder Singh, Mrs Santosh Khajuria, Raghveer Singh, Harish Chingari and Narinder Sharma, said that they have been struggling for their just and due rights and held that essential services like power and water supplies have been exempted from the purview of strike so far for the convenience of the common people and resolved that if the Government continued its adamant attitude, the essential services may be included in the strike.

The leaders condemned yesterday’s lathicharge on employees holding peaceful demonstration and warned the Government to desist from such cheap tactics. They unanimously decided to continue strike till their demands were not met with and the leaders of EJAC released unconditionally.

A joint meeting of different teaching organisations was held here today under the chairmanship of Mr Kapil Bakshi, district president, All J&K Graduate and Post Graduate Teachers Forum.

As per a release the meeting decided to give a befitting reply to the Government for its mis-rule of not honouring its own commitment with employees a year ago.

Messrs S Puran Singh, Amar Nath Dogra, H R Bhagat, D S Pathania, R G Sharma and others also spoke.

Meanwhile Under Graduate Teachers Association, Jammu province, in a meeting under the chairmanship of S Puran Singh, condemned the Government for resorting to anti-employees action with a view to crush the on-going "Kaam Chhor Hartal".

As per a release the meeting maintained that despite restrictions imposed, the strike of the employees would gain momentum and continue to thwart the misdeeds of some black sheep among the herd. They said further that none will be allowed to dislodge the present movement of the employees and resolved to further strengthen the hands of the J&K Employees Joint Action Committee spear-heading the strike. They also desired greater unity among all the State employees.

Prominent among those in the meeting included Messrs Hans Raj Bhagat, Ram Singh, Amar Nath, , Rajinder Singh Tadwal, Ram Naresh, Raghunandan Singh, Ashok Kumar Madeel, Bashir Ahmed, Mrs Shakuntla Choudhary, Krishan Chand, Hukum Chand and Surinder Kumar Khajuria.

Civil Defence camp held

Excelsior Correspondent

JAMMU, Jan 16: An Awareness Camp of Civil Defence was organised at Alexander Memorial High School near Id Gah Jammu. A large number of prominent citizens and Civil Defence Wardens attended the camp.

Mr C D Banal, Inspector General of Police, Homeguards/Civil Defence J&K Jammu was the chief guest and the function was presided over by Mr P K Tripati IAS, Controller Civil Defence cum Dy Commissioner Jammu. Among other prominent personalities who attended the function include Messrs M L Mathur, Dy Controller Civil Defence Jammu, Jugal Mahajan, Dy Chief Warden and Amar Nath Gupta Divisional Warden.

While addressing the gatheirng Mr C L Banal, appealed the general public to come forward and join the Civil Defence in the interests of the nation. He also stressed that we should remain alert and vigilant keeping in view of the present situation of the State. He also stressed the Civil Defence Wardens to gear up the Civil Defence activities in their areas. The Civil Defence Wardens were also asked to the extreme their full co-operation to Police and Civil Administration.

Mr Tripati Controller Civil Defence cum Dy Commissioner Jammu while addressing the general public cautioned them to remain careful from the civil design of anti-social and anti-national elements. Keeping in view of the forthcoming Republic Day and other function the anti social and anti national elements will try to create disturbances in our peaceful city but we should remain alert and maintain vigil to defeat their evil designs. He also asked the CD Warden Volunteers to keep an eye on suspicious persons in their areas.

Mr M L Mathur Dy Controller Civil Defence Jammu also highlighted the role of Civil Defence activities service wise and urged the people to take the benefit of Civil Defence trainings. He also asked the Wardens to educate the people about the CD activities.

Cong leaders flay Farooq led Govt

Excelsior Correspondent

UDHAMPUR, Jan 16: The prominent Congress leaders of Udhampur district have strongly condemned the National Conference Government led by Dr Farooq Abdullah for letting loose a rein of terror on striking employees.

As per a release, Mr Rajinder Kumar Advocate, senior Congress leader warned Farooq Abdullah for victimising the Government employees and reiterated the full support of the party for the genuine cause of the striking employees. He said that the threat and use of draconian laws by the NC Government will result in its own fall in the long run. He said that its is astonishing that the Government itself had announced the benefits of 5th Pay Commission and now the Government is withdrawing from its commitments in the garb of financial crunch which has been created by the corrupt policies of the NC Government.

The prominent Congressmen who also supported the statement included Messrs, Dev Raj Gupta, Chandu Lal, Swatanterdev Kotwal, Girdhari Lal, Romesh Chander, Mohan Lal Kalsotra, Baij Nath Sharma, Bushan Modi, Dwarka Nath, Shashi Kumar, Gouran Sharma, Bankey Behari Khajuria, George Savatious, Tarlok Singh, Raj Kumar, Rakesh Khajuria, Des Raj Tamelia and Mohan Lal.

Campus Jottings ‘Internet’
JU Deptts become internet-savvy

Much desired Internet facilities have started reaching the different departments of the University of Jammu with its main junction being at MCA Block. The Post Graduate Department of Physics has taken lead in this regard and is set to exploit the global informations inside their department by this week.

The process of internet in the University was initiated a year back, but the facility finally started working near four months back. However, the users right from the day one, when mouse was clicked first had started availing the facility by opening their e.mail boxes and getting print-outs for research work.

At present those taking advantage of the Internet are mostly from the Science stream.

The facility is available only to the students of the MCA Department, research scholars of all the PG Departments, teaching and non-teaching employees of the University, but they have do some required formalities.

Giving details, Manager Internet, Mr Manik Gupta said that at present 20 to 25 users (from departments other than MCA) have daily access to the internet facility at its main service point, MCA Block. He added that most of whom are from the Science stream and a few sometimes from the management and languages.

Mr Manik further told that, the University has planned to further expand the facility to all the departments making it an intra-University networking.

It is now upto the departments as and when they approach for the connections at there place. For extending the service, it required laying of cables and purchase of some other material needs finances. And the same is the responsibility of the concern department, we only have to extend the service, said Prof Lalit Magotra, Head of the Department of MCA.

When asked about the benefits of Internet to the users, Prof Magotra said that the Research Scholars are the main beneficiaries, because they can get the references at the departments, for which, otherwise, they used to go to other parts of the country and even abroad.

Nothing came out of

seminar on

Supplementary Exams

The University authorities had constituted a committee after the series of deliberations, in the two-day seminar on Supplementary Examinations. But, one month has passed and the Committee is yet to have its first sitting.

Only a committee has been framed of which Dean Academic Affairs, Prof A N Sadhu is the chairman. Instead of the delays, the matter should have been given priority since it is connected with the examinations and students had a fortnight long strike on the issue.

The committee consisted of Prof O P Baru, Mr Ved Bhasin, former Editor, Kashmir Times and Mr S P Sahni, former Director General, Information (citizens); Rajesh Vidhyarthi and Ms Varinder Chib (students); Prof Surinder Saproo, Principal, GGM Science College and Mr M L Dogra, president, College Teachers Association (Colleges) and from Jammu University, Prof O P Sharma and Dr D K Jain, Coordinator, Examination Reforms units have been named in the 10-member team.

However, the students were expecting that something may come out before the examinations, but the things are not moving fast. It is being apprehended that the committee may not be able to take a decision before the annual examinations.

Inter-college sports competitions delayed

Due to employees’ strike, the Inter-college sports competitions organised by the Director, Physical Education, University of Jammu have been delayed. It is being understood that the expected participation may not take place as the students from other districts of the Province preferred to study rather to play because of the approaching examinations.

On the other hand, the organisers are taking plea that they are unable to hold meetings of the Physical Directors of the colleges for drawing afresh schedule for the competitions.

-SANJEEV SHARMA

BJP resents delay in CID reports of Valley workers

Excelsior Correspondent

JAMMU, Jan 16: Bharatiya Janata Party state unit general secretary, Mr Bhagwat Saroop has said that some so called leaders, claiming themselves as general secretary of BJP,Gujjar-Bakarwal Cell are making political statements on certain issues.

Clarifying the issue, Mr Saroop in a meeting of the ST Morcha of the Party, held at BJP headquarters here said that with the consent and recommendation of Ch Sardar Mohammed Khatana, president of the Cell, Ch. Noor Ahmed was appointed as spokesman of the Morcha who is authorised to make statements in the organisational matters of the Morcha and Noor Ahmed is also state secretary of the Morcha. These so called general secretaries of Gujjar Bakkerwal cell have no existence in the Morcha, he added.

Meanwhile, Ch. Khatana expressed grave concern over the delay in CID reports of the Party workers of the Valley who are unable get migration relief. Mr Saroop assured in the meeting that Party shall try to resolve the problems of the ST Morcha.

The other leaders attending the Morcha include Ch. Noor Ahmed,state secretary and spokesman, Mr Zakir Hussain-secretary, Ch. Mohammed Latif-Treasurer, Ch. Ghulam Abbas Khatana, Ch. Altaf Ahmed, Ch. Jameel Ahmed, Ch. Nazir Ahmed and Farooq Ahmed.

Employees demand white paper on financial crunch

Excelsior Correspondent

R S PURA, Jan 16: The government employees staged massive protest demonstration in the town here on Saturday and demanded a white paper on the ‘so called’ financial crunch in the Jammu and Kashmir state.

Reports said that all the government employees, representing various departments took out a protest demonstration in the town. The police arrested sixteen employees including four female, for violating Section 144 CrPC imposed by the Magistrate in the town. The employees condemned the government for imposing ESMA and terming their fundamental right of strike as ‘illegal’.

They alleged that financial crunch has been self created by the government and they demanded that ruling government should issue a while paper on the issue. They said that employees would not succumb to any sort of pressure exerted on them by the government. The excesses on the employees and their exploitation would be more fetal for the government. They said that Dr Farooq should take a lesson from the Himachal employees strike and the fate of the then Shanta Kumar Government.

Ousted DCC chiefs ask Aslam to honour
High Command order

Excelsior Correspondent

JAMMU, Jan 16: The ousted district presidents of Pradesh Congress -I have taken strong exception of Pradesh Congress Committee (PCC) chief, Ch. Mohammed Aslam’s style of functioning and termed his action un Constitutional and illegal.

The four ousted district presidents from Jammu region Messrs Shiv Dev Singh, Lal Muni Sharma, Sheikh Hyder and Ch Mohammed Youns who were removed from the posts by Mr Aslam in a fresh representation to All India Congress Committee, general secretary, Mr Ahmed Patel who is also incharge of the Party’s J&K Unit have demanded action against the PCC chief for not honouring the High Command’s directives.

It may be recalled that Mr Aslam had appointed nine district presidents of Congress in J&K State few months back on the plea that these posts were lying vacant since a long time.

This was strongly resisted by the ousted district presidents who challenged the authority of PCC president regarding making fresh appointments. These district presidents also claimed that they have been working on the post for over three years now and were appointed by the then PCC chiefs after seeking approval from the Party High Command.

Later the Party High Command termed the appointment of nine district presidents by PCC chief as null and void. It through a letter not only stayed the appointment order issued by Mr Aslam but also asked him not go for any appointment of office bearers.

But after receiving the letter from the High Command Mr Aslam instead of revoking the appointment orders asked the district presidents appointed by him to assume office and continue work.

This has generated a lot of resentment among the ousted district presidents and their supporters who in a fresh letter to High Command have demanded immediate revocation of the appointment order in the larger interests of the Party.

Terming the contention of Mr Aslam as baseless that posts of DCC chiefs were lying vacant Mr Shiv Dev Singh said that in every letter which he received from PCC he was referred as DCC chief Jammu Rural after Mr Aslam took over as its chief.

These Congress leader have blamed Mr Aslam for growing designation in the state unit who he alleged is working in tandem with senior Party leader Mr Ghulam Nabi Azad to disintegrate the Party in the state.

Seeking the immediate intervention of the Party High Command, the letter termed the appointments of nine district presidents made by Ch. Aslam a total violation of Party’s Constitution and age old traditions of the Congress.

While challenging the appointments made by the PCC chief Mr Lal Muni Sharma maintained that they have been working as district presidents in the militancy riddled state for last some years and their sudden removal has caused a disenchantment in the rank and file of the Party.

Moreover, the failure of state Party chief to honour the letter of High Command is a bolt from blue for every dedicated Congmen who cherish the Party’s principles and programmes said Mr Shiv Dev Singh.

He alleged that among the incumbents appointed as the district chiefs some are already working in the state unit and hence can not hold the two posts under one man one post principle.

Terming the action of PCC chief as unconstitutional and authoritarian step that he said PCC chief is not authorised for any decision. Being head of the team he has to take decisions in the interests of the Party for its integration and unity and not for the disruption.

He also accused Mr Aslam for ignoring the senior Party colleagues who are associated with it for over four decades now and alleged that all decisions taken by him are unilateral without making efforts of a consensus in the Party.

In the letter to High Command these district presidents have said Sheikh Hyder has been working as district president Doda since 1987. Despite becoming a victim of militants attack he faced all odds and stood with the Party like a rock.

In comparison to it the new incumbent appointed by Mr Aslam has thrice resigned from the Party in past ten years.

Likewise a defected leader from JD was appointed as DCC chief in Jammu Urban while the newly appointed president for Poonch has fought the Assembly elections in 1996 against the official candidate Mir Poonchi and later the Parliamentary elections against Pt. Mangat Ram Sharma.

Blooming Flowers School celebrates annual day

Excelsior Correspondent

KATHUA, Jan 16: The Blooming Flowers Public School Kathua celebrated its annual day on Friday.

Mr Asha Singh Salathia, Chief Education Officer, Kathua was the chief guest on the occasion while the function was presided over by Zonal Education Officer, Kathua S Surinder Singh and Additional Chief Education Officer, Mr Chuni Lal Sharma was the guest of honour.

The function started with lighting of traditional lamp and welcome song. The students of the Institute presented an impressive cultural programme on the occasion.

The main attraction of the cultural programme was the skit "Suhag Bratt"presented by the tiny students which reflected the cultural heritage of India. The other highlights of the function was dance.

The Principal of the Institute Mrs Raj Rani read the annual report and listed the achievements in the academic and other activities.

The chief guest distributed the prizes among the students who excelled in the academic field while the Zonal Education Officer distributed the prizes among the students who excelled in other spheres.

The Chief Education Officer in his address underlined the need for setting up of similar institutions in the remote and far flung areas of the district and wished the school to progress by leaps and bounds.

Dr Adarash Malhotra and Dhian Chand, Ex MLA were among the other dignitaries present on the occasion.

EJAC Vijaypur block condemns Govt action

Excelsior Correspondent

JAMMU, Jan 16: Employees Joint Action Committee for Block Vijaypur in a meeting held here at Gurha Slathian, strongly condemned the state Government for its rigid stance and arresting a large number of employees fighting democratically for their right.

According to a report, a meeting of the employees of Block Vijaypur was held in the PHE office premises at Gurha Slathian today, in which a large number of employees of various departments participated. Mr Sujjan Singh, employees leader presided over the meeting.

Speaking at the meeting, the employees described the ESMA and Section 144 CrPC imposed on the employees as most unfortunate.They alleged that the employees, who are fighting for their right democratically are being suppressed with force. They also condemned the lathicharge, teargassing on the agitating employees and their arrest. They extended support to the Central Body of the Employees Joint Action Committee and said that they will follow the further action programme of the Central EJAC.

Those spoke on the occasion included- Mr Rajinder Singh Slathia (Med Edu Deptt), Devinder Singh, Sham Paul Singh, Prem Paul Singh, Kishore Singh, Ghansham Singh, Keshav Singh, Joginder Singh and others.

Kathua working Press members form new body

Excelsior Correspondent

KATHUA, Jan 16: Working Press representatives of district Kathua constituted its new body with Mr Pardeep Sharma as its president and Mr B R Bhagat as the new chairman.

According to an official handout issued from the office of Press & Media Association, Kathua, a meeting of the working journalists was held here today at Town Area Committee market, under the chairmanship of Mr Sanjay Pathak, convenor of the Association.

The members elected unanimously the new office bearers of the Association. Mr Madan Magotra was elected as senior vice-president, Mr Sanjay Pathak as general secretary, Mr Gopal Buniyari as vice-president-cum-advisor, Mr Jatinder Singh as secretary while Mr Joginder Sharma as cashier of the Association.

The two executive members nominated are Mr Umesh Pangotra and Mr Romesh Maratha.

The Association also nominated Mr Jagan Nath Sudan, Mr Preet Choudhary, Mr Rajinder Mathur and Mr Gopal Sharma as members of the Association from tehsil Hiranagar. Mr Bhupinder Dogra, Mr Kuldip Abrol, Mr Narinder Khajuria from Basohli and Mr Raj Billowria from Billawar, respectively.

The members of the Association, discussed the various problems faced by the Press and the Electronic media correspondents/reporters in the district, which include, security passes from J&K Police, Press accreditation from J&K Information department and concession in SRTC vehicles and trains.

Congress workers take pledge to work for
national unity, integrity

Excelsior Correspondent

JAMMU, Jan 16: In connection with the Sankalp Yatra, the Congress workers held corner meetings at different places in Gandhi Nagar and took a solemn pledge to work for the unity and integrity of the country.

A large number of Congress activists participated in these meetings which were presided over by Party secretary, Mr Raman Bhalla.

The Congmen also resolved to dedicate themselves to the policy and programmes of the Party under the leadership of its president Mrs Sonia Gandhi.

They also resolved to work for poor and down-trodden and fight against the insurgency and anti national elements who are out to disturb the peaceful atmosphere in the state.

Speaking on the occasion Mr Bhalla said that instead of sitting on false prestige of ESMO, the Government should hold dialogue with striking employees.

He alleged nexus between bureaucrats and politicians in diversion of funds and held the unholy alliance between the NC and BJP responsible for present mess.

The meeting was also addressed by Messrs Amrish Sharma, Balbir Singh Manga, Rakesh Bhagat, Joga Singh, Kartar Chand, Dapinder Singh, Raka, Sham Kumar, Satya Charak, Ram Saroop and Ram Singh.

Peer Panchal holds meet

Excelsior Correspondent

JAMMU, Jan 16: Peer Panchal a social, cultural, sports and environmental organisation held a meeting here today in which various issues concerning the mankind were discussed.

As per a release, the meeting while charting out the future plans said a children drawing competition to promote talent among them will be held on February 5 in which the students from various Government and private schools will be invited to take part.

Besides this a Sports Trophy for promotion of games in the state will also be organised soon which will be followed by an awareness camp in the rural areas.

The meeting was presided over by Mr K K Raina, general secretary of the organisation. The others who participated in it include its president Messrs Vijay Koul, Manoji Jad and Mukesh Thaploo. Vijay Koul, Manoji Jad.

 
 
 
.

 

| home | state | national | business| editorial | advertisement | sports |
|
international | weather | mailbag | suggestions | search | subscribe | send mail |

timer